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Volcanoes and Plates
Plate Tectonics and Volcanoes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hot Spot | An area where magma burns through the crust like a blow torch. |
| Geyser | A jet of very hot water that shoots out of the ground. |
| Extinct Volcano | A volcano that will never erupt again. |
| Dormant Volcano | A "sleeping volcano." This hasn't erupted recently, but still has a possibility of erupting in the future. |
| Active Volcano | A volcano that is erupting. It has erupted recently and will in the future. |
| Caldera | A huge crater that is produced when a volcano's magma chamber empties. |
| Ring of Fire | A chain of volcanoes around the Pacific Plate. |
| Explosive Eruption | The type of eruption that produces pyroclastic flows. |
| Quiet Eruptions | The type of eruption that produces the two types of lava. |
| Silica | A combination of oxygen and silicon. |
| Hot Spring | A pool of water that has been heated up by magma. |
| Volcanic Neck | What forms when magma in a volcano's pipe cools off. |
| Batholith | What is formed when a volcano's magma chamber cools off. |
| Transform Boundary | Where two plates slide past each other. |
| Convergent Boundary | Where two plates squeeze into each other |
| Divergent Boundary | Where two plate go into different directions. |
| Shearing | Pushing rock past each other (transform). |
| Tension | Pushes rock apart (divergent). |
| Compression | Squeezes rock together (convergent). |
| Normal Faults | One plat above the fault and one below (tension, divergent). |
| Strike-Slip Faults | Plates sliding past each other (Shearing, Transform) |
| Reverse Boundary | One plate moving up instead of down (convergent, compression). |
| Anticlines | A ridge-shaped rock that slopes downward from the crest. |
| Synclines | A fold in rock that has an upward slope. |
| Plateau | An flat land area that is elevated. |
| Tidal Waves | Huge waves caused by the tide (the moons gravitational pull). |
| Tsunamis | Long, huge sea waves that are caused by earthquakes. |
| Richter Scale | A scale that is good for small, nearby earthquakes. |
| Mercalli Scale | A scale has has non-accurate measurements. |
| The Moment Magnitude Scale | Accurate for all earthquakes. |
| P Waves | First waves to hit, compress and expand ground. |
| S Waves | Second Waves to hit, this moves the ground up and down and left to right. |
| Surface Waves | Last, cause the most damage, move the ground like waves. |
| Stress | The force that changes rock's shape and volume. |
| Deformation | The change of shape or volume on a rock. |
| Focus | Where an earthquake starts. |
| Epicenter | The land directly above the focus. |
| Describe Pyroclastic Flow lava flows. | most dangerous, composed of gas, ash, cinder, and more. |
| Decribe Pahoehoe | A hotter, fast moving type of lava flow, less silica. |
| Describe Aa | A cooler, slower moving type of lava flow, more silica. |
| Cinder Cone Volcanoes | smallest, steep slope, large crater, made of ash and cinder. Cause by explosive eruptions. |
| Composite Volcanoes | Looks like a mountain, alternating layer of ash and lava. Caused by both eruptions. |
| Shield Volcanoes | Biggest, lying down, caused by quiet eruptions. |
| Earthquake Precautions | Get outside, get under a table or desk, drop, cover, hold, stay away from windows. |
Created by:
16zweisenstein
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