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Volcanoes and Plates
Plate Tectonics and Volcanoes
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Hot Spot | An area where magma burns through the crust like a blow torch. |
Geyser | A jet of very hot water that shoots out of the ground. |
Extinct Volcano | A volcano that will never erupt again. |
Dormant Volcano | A "sleeping volcano." This hasn't erupted recently, but still has a possibility of erupting in the future. |
Active Volcano | A volcano that is erupting. It has erupted recently and will in the future. |
Caldera | A huge crater that is produced when a volcano's magma chamber empties. |
Ring of Fire | A chain of volcanoes around the Pacific Plate. |
Explosive Eruption | The type of eruption that produces pyroclastic flows. |
Quiet Eruptions | The type of eruption that produces the two types of lava. |
Silica | A combination of oxygen and silicon. |
Hot Spring | A pool of water that has been heated up by magma. |
Volcanic Neck | What forms when magma in a volcano's pipe cools off. |
Batholith | What is formed when a volcano's magma chamber cools off. |
Transform Boundary | Where two plates slide past each other. |
Convergent Boundary | Where two plates squeeze into each other |
Divergent Boundary | Where two plate go into different directions. |
Shearing | Pushing rock past each other (transform). |
Tension | Pushes rock apart (divergent). |
Compression | Squeezes rock together (convergent). |
Normal Faults | One plat above the fault and one below (tension, divergent). |
Strike-Slip Faults | Plates sliding past each other (Shearing, Transform) |
Reverse Boundary | One plate moving up instead of down (convergent, compression). |
Anticlines | A ridge-shaped rock that slopes downward from the crest. |
Synclines | A fold in rock that has an upward slope. |
Plateau | An flat land area that is elevated. |
Tidal Waves | Huge waves caused by the tide (the moons gravitational pull). |
Tsunamis | Long, huge sea waves that are caused by earthquakes. |
Richter Scale | A scale that is good for small, nearby earthquakes. |
Mercalli Scale | A scale has has non-accurate measurements. |
The Moment Magnitude Scale | Accurate for all earthquakes. |
P Waves | First waves to hit, compress and expand ground. |
S Waves | Second Waves to hit, this moves the ground up and down and left to right. |
Surface Waves | Last, cause the most damage, move the ground like waves. |
Stress | The force that changes rock's shape and volume. |
Deformation | The change of shape or volume on a rock. |
Focus | Where an earthquake starts. |
Epicenter | The land directly above the focus. |
Describe Pyroclastic Flow lava flows. | most dangerous, composed of gas, ash, cinder, and more. |
Decribe Pahoehoe | A hotter, fast moving type of lava flow, less silica. |
Describe Aa | A cooler, slower moving type of lava flow, more silica. |
Cinder Cone Volcanoes | smallest, steep slope, large crater, made of ash and cinder. Cause by explosive eruptions. |
Composite Volcanoes | Looks like a mountain, alternating layer of ash and lava. Caused by both eruptions. |
Shield Volcanoes | Biggest, lying down, caused by quiet eruptions. |
Earthquake Precautions | Get outside, get under a table or desk, drop, cover, hold, stay away from windows. |