Med Surg Neuro
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| What is a PET scan ? | A type of tomography used to study the changes within the brain
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| What causes Glaucoma ? | Increased intraoccular Pressure
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| s/s of glaucoma | Tunnel vision, eye pain, halos,reduced peripheral vision
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| Dilates pupils | mydriatic drops
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| Unable to focus both eyes in the same direction | strabismus
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| What is hordeolum ? | stye
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| what is a chalazion ? | cyste on the eye
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| What causes retinal detachment? | Aging
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| s/s of retinal detachment | Floaters, blurry vision
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| How is diabetic retinopahty treated ? | Photocoagulation laser tx
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| Myopia | nearsightedness
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| presbyopia | farsightedness
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| Why corneal transplant at high risk for infection? | no blood supply means slow healing
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| what precautions after eye surgery? | no coughing, bending at waste
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| Is severe eye pain normal after cataract surgery ? | NO! report it to the charge nurse or doctor
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| What is pink eye? | conjuctivitis
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| Does presbyopia usually occur with age or in childhood | With age due to decreased flexibility of the lens
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| Glaucoma characterized by rapid onset & decreased vision | Closed (narrow) angled
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| What is the goal for tx of glaucoma? | decreased amount of aqueous humor to decrease pressure
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| Drooping eyelids | ptosis
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| Special microscope to examine anterior eye | slit lamp
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| s/s of corneal ulcer | pain, tearing, light sensitivity & redness
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| What should a PT with cataract surgery wear post op ? | eye patch
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| Risk for cataracts | aging, uv light, exposure to maternal rubella & smoking
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| How is the exam for the snellens chart performed? | Stand a distance of 20 ft cover one eye at a time
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| How long would you irrigate an eye after a chemical splash? | 15min
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| swimmers ear | external otitis
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| Fluid collection in the middle ear , obstruction of auditory canal, ear infection | otitis media
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| s/s of chronic otitis media | crackling & fullness
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| Surgical procedure placing a incision into the tympanic membrane tube placement for drainage | myringotomy
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| post of teaching for tube placement ? | no swimming or showers
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| Menieres is characterized by ? | vertigo, tinnitus, progressive hearing loss
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| Nursing interventions for menieres | Safety. fall risk, darken rm
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| Surgical procedure for otosclerosis? | stapedectomy
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| primary risk for stapedectomy? | infection
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| post op position for stapedectomy | HOB elevated lying on nonoperative ear
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| instructions for post op stapedectomy to prevent disloging | open mouth wide while sneezing
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| benefits of stapedectomy | increased ability to hear sounds
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| Symptoms of inner ear dysfuntion | prolonged nausea & dizziness
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| hearing loss that allows normal sound conduction through external middle ear but not in the inner ear? | sensoinaronal
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| usual cause for color blindness? | Heredity & damage to the cones
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| Vitamin for night vision? | Vit-A
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| type of lens replacement for cataract? | intraocular
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| surgery mainly for myopia so that glasses are no longer needed? | lasix
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| the patients eyes should be _______ during a sensory exam ? | closed
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| tonic phase | contraction of muscles
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| clonic phase | withering movement
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| what kind of rigidity is seen in early stages of Parkinson symptoms ? | cog wheel,cannot smoothly move muscle through active ROM
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| What red flags are indicative of MS ? | young , R & L sided weakness, intermittent symptoms & vision diturbances
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| Pt must ____ eyebrows to differentiate between stroke & bells palsy | lift both
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| Where so subarachnoid hematomas occur? | b/w the membraneous arachniod & pia mater
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| 2 types of head injurys | blunt/closed trauma, open/penetrating trauma
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| head injury most common | blunt/closed
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| medical speciality r/t the nervous system | Neurology
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| headache/ head pain | cephalgia
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| runny nose | rhinorrhea
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| seizure | convulsion, episode of abnormal motor sensory, cognitive & psychic activity caused by erratic & abnormal electrical discharge of brain cells
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| reccurent pattern of seizures | epilepsy
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| Status epilepticus | seizures or series of seizures, lasting 30 min or more which person does not regain consicouness
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| flaccidity | brief loss of muscle tone ( seizure)
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| rigid contraction of body muscles | tonic-phase
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| alternates with rhythmic jerking movements | clonic-phase
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| specific location in the brain where a seizure originates | focal point
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| pain in a nerve | neuralgia
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| temporary, partial one-sided facial paralysis & weakness | bell's palsy
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| Shingles | (herpes-zoster) acute viral inflammation of the nerve caused by the varicella -zoster virus
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| Transection | severing of the spinal cord
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| paralysis of the legs & lower body | paraplegia
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| paralysis of all four extremities | quadripligia
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| autonomic dysreflexia | hyperflexia or exaggerated ANS reflexes occuring in spinal cord injury
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| potentially debilitating disease in which the body's immune system eats away at the myelin sheath that covers your nerves | multiple sclerosis (MS)
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| a chronic,progressive disease affecting the dopamine producing cells of the body | Parkinson disease
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| slowness of movement | bradykinesia
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| failure or irregularity of muscle coordination, often a chronic condition :inability to walk | Ataxia
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| chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by episodes of weakness in the voluntary muscles | myasthenia gravis
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| drooping eyelids | ptosis
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| difficulty in speaking | dysphasia
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| abnormal involuntary movements | chorea
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| procedure in which antibodies are removed from the blood | plasmapheresis
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| chronic progressive, hereditary condition in which the brain cells in the basal ganglia prematurely die | Huntington disease (HD)
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| collection of pus in that may result from infection of the ears or sinus or the skull | brain abscess
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| inflammation of the meninges of the membranes that covers the brain & spinal cord | meningitis
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| Stiff neck | nuchal rigidity
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| intolerance to light | photophobia
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| acute spasm in which the body is bowed forward with head & heels bent backwards | opisthotonos
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| an indication of meningitis in which complete extension of the leg on the thigh is impossible when an individual lies on the back & flexes the thigh at the right angle to the axis of the trunk | Kernigs sign
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| an indication of meningitis in which passive flexion of the leg on the side causes similar movement in the opposite leg and passive flexion of the neck causes flexion of the leg | brundzinskis sign
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| inflammation of the white and gray matter of the brain destruction of nerve cells | encephalitis
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| autoimmune disorder of the PNS -> antibodies start to destroy the myelin sheath of the perpheral nerves | guillain barre
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| inflammatroy condition affecting the spinal cord | Acute transverse myelitis
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| pressure that the brain , blood & CSF exert inside the cerebrospinal cavitiy | inter-cranial pressure (ICP)
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| leakage of CSF from the nose | oterrhea
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| raccon eyes | periorbital ecchymosis
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| what age group is most affected by meningitis? | children are more susceptible to bacterial and college age are more susceptible to viral
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| occur in one part of the brain | focal seizures
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| Guillian barre is often related to? | viral illness ( Respiratory or GI) or after surgery and vaccinations
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| records the brains electrical impulses as a graphed | EEG
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| an encephalitis pt is often left with ? | mental changes , seizure disorders and parkingsonian symptoms
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| what test would be helpfull in dx of Alzheimer or stroke | PET scan
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| electrocerebral silence | brain death
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| what is a tensilon test used for ? | DX of myasthenia gravis, temporary relief of symptoms
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| GABA agonist & vitamins are used to TX | MS
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| How can meningitis be transferred ? | through direct contact of respiratory secretions
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| What does a 3 on GCS indicate? | Brain death
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| What range on the GCS is associated with a coma? | 6-8
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| what drugs are contraindicated in pt's with myasthenia gravis? | sedatives ,tranquilizers, morphine * respiratory failure
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| tingling sensation | parasthesia
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| TX for encephalitis is similar to the tx for? | meningitis
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| What is vit-c used for with the eye? | cataracts
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| considered to be a rare disease, affects the myelin sheath ,muscle atrophy & sensory | Guillian Barre
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| What is dilantin used for ? | Its an antieplicptic Drug
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| What medication is used for ICP? | mannitol (osmitrol)
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| Sustained ICP over____mm/hg is called increased ICP | 15-20
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| during severe exacerbation what can a MS pt be TX with ? | IV ACTH
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| the underlying cause of a CVA is often? | atherosclerosis of the cerebral blood vessel
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| What are the early signs of ALS? | frequent falls, loss of motor control of the hands & arm, spacitiy of the arms
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| this disease has no cure no remission & generally death occurs within 5yrs | ALS
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| chronic pain that resists therapeutic interventions | intractable pain
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| Neostigmine & pyridostigmine are used to TX? | myasthenia gravis
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| sudden or gradual interruption of the blood supply to the vital center in the brain | CVA
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| CVA's are the ____ leading cause of death in the US | 3rd
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| Where do Parkinson's tremors usually begin? | In the hands (pill rolling)
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| levodopa is used to tx ? | Parkinson's
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| an autoimmune disorder of the ANS | Guillian Barre Syndrome
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| what is bleeding in the subarachnoid space called ? | subarachnoid hemmorage
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| What should pt with MS avoid? | pregnancy ,heat, morphine, hot showers
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| pain felt at a site other then where the cause is situated | referred pain
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| trans-cutaneous electrical nerve stimulation electrodes placed near the site of pain , send electrical impulses to the nerve ending & blocks transmission of the signal | TENS
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| priority nursing intervention during a seizure | protect from injury & observe
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| difficult to spot pt appears to be daydreaming , blank stare cessation of activity, person is not aware | petit mal seizure
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