Ch 4 musculoskeletal MEL
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| Ankylosis | Fixation of a joint, often abnormal position, resulting from destruction of articular cartilage and subchondral bone
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| Arthrocentesis | Puncture of the joint with the needle to draw fluid; perform to obtain synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes
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| Arthrodesis | Surgical fusion of the joint
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| Arthroplasty | Surgical repair or refashioning of one or both sides, parts, or specific tissues within a joint
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| Bipolar hip replacement | Hemi-arthroplasty; prosthetic implant used to replace the femoral head and neck
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| Blanching test | A test of the rate of Capillary refill; blanching means to cause to become pale by applying digital pressure
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| Callous | Bony deposits formed between and around the broken ends of a fractured bone during healing
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| Colles' fracture | Fracture of the distal portion of the radius within 1 inch of the joint of the wrist
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| Compartment syndrome | Pathologic condition, progressive development of arterial compression and reduces blood supply to an extremity, increased pressure from external devices (casts, bulky dressings) causing decreased blood flow, resulting in ischemic tissue necrosis
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| Crepitus | Sounds that resembles the crackling noise heard when rubbing hair between fingers; associated with gas gangrene, rubbing of bone fragments, crackles of consolidated area of the lung in pneumonia
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| Fibromyalgia | Chronic pain syndromes of unknown etiology causes pain in muscles, bones, or joins
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| Kyphosis | Abnormal condition of the vertebrate column; increased convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine
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| Lordosis | Increase in the curve at the lumbar space region that throws the shoulder back, making the appearance of lordly or kingly
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| Open reduction with internal fixation | ORIF; surgical procedure allowing fracture alignment under direct visualization while using various internal fixation devices applied to the bone
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| Paresthesia | Any subjective sensation, such as a prickling pins and needles feeling or numbness
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| Scoliosis | Curvature of the spine usually consisting of 2 curves, original abnormal curve and compensatory curve in the opposite direction
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| Sequestrum | Fragment of neurotic bone that is partially or entirely detached from the surrounding or adjacent healthy bone
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| Subluxation | Partial dislocation
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| Tophi | Calculi containing sodium urate deposits that develop in periarticular fibrous tissue; typically found in patients with gout
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| Volkmann's contracture | Permanent contracture with clawhand, flexion of wrist and finger, and atrophy of the forearm; can occur as a result of compartment syndrome
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| Abduction | Lateral movement of limbs or eye away from the median plane of the body or lateral bending of the head or trunk
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| DVT | Complication of immobility and orthopedic surgery, prophylaxis with heparin/Coumadin
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| Epiphysis | The end portion of a long bones, RBCs produced here
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| Excitability | Muscles ability to respond to stimulus
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| Extension | Movement that brings the part of the limb into or toward a straight condition
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| Flexion | The act of bending or conditioning of being vent in contrast to extension, decreasing the angle between 2 bones
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| Intra-articular | Within a joint
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| Intercostal muscles | Muscles between the ribs
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| Ligament | Connective tissue that joins bones with other bones
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| Orthopedics | Branch of medicine dealing with prevent or correction of locomotor structures (joints, muscles, fascia, ligaments, cartilage)
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| Pectoralis major | Fan shaped muscle that covers the anterior chest
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| Periosteum | Protective covering of the bone shaft, fibrous
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| Pubis | Anterior of pelvis
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| Sacrum | Posterior of pelvis
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| Tendon | Connective tissue that joins muscles to bone
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| Temporomandibular | Pertaining to the temporal and mandibular bones, especially important in dentistry
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| Synarthrosis | No movement; fibrous
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| Amphiarthrosis | Slight movement, ribs,
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| Diarthrosis | Free movement, fingers, synovial
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| Structure bones | 1 class - long, extremities
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| Structure bones | 2 class - short, hands and feet
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| Structure bones | 3 class - flat, skull and sternum
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| Structure bones | 4 class - irregular, vertebrae
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| Adduction | Movement of a limb or eye toward the median plane of the body
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| Muscle stimulus | What a muscle cell is adequately stimulated, it will contract
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| Muscle tone | Skeletal muscles are in constant state of readiness for action
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| Types of body movements | Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, supination, pronation, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion
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| Rheumatoid arthritis | Medications; Salicylates, NSAIDs, Cox -2 inhibitors, potent and slow anti-inflammatory, DIS/Mod antirheumatoid
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| Acute exacerbation | Acute worsening
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