Operant Condition
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Who was Edward Thorndike | Behaviorist Originated the idea of instrumental learning and studied learning by examining the trial and errors behavior of cats in their attempts to escape from puzzle boxes
🗑
|
||||
| What are some of Thorndike's Laws? | Low of Recency, Law of Use, Law of Effect
🗑
|
||||
| Law of Recency | The most recent response if likely to occur
🗑
|
||||
| Example of law of recency | When you choose restaurants, you choose one that you've always gone to because it becomes a routine
🗑
|
||||
| Law of Use | Connections become strengthened with practice and weakened when practice is discontinued
🗑
|
||||
| Example of Law of Use | When you go to the gym and look for certain machines to use but get mad when someone is using the machine you usually use.
🗑
|
||||
| Law of Effect | Behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely; behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely
🗑
|
||||
| Who was B.F. Skinner? | Attempted to expand on Thorndike's original theories of instrumental learning. Proposed that learning process has a very predictable response to rewards and punishments. His work shows how those responses to behavior influenced future behaviors
🗑
|
||||
| What was majority of Skinner's work was done on? | Rats and pigeons in elaborated boxes that he designed and called "skinner boxes"
🗑
|
||||
| What is Operant Conditioning? | The process of learning to associate a behavior with a consequence. This typically results in behavior that maximizes reinforcing and minimizes punishing events
🗑
|
||||
| Reinforcement | Any outcome/response that increases the future probability of the most recent behavior
🗑
|
||||
| Punishment | Any outcome/response that decreases the frequency of the preceding behavior
🗑
|
||||
| What makes something reinforcing or punishing? | Biologically useful, intrinsically satisfying, restores equilibrium
🗑
|
||||
| Positive Reinforcement | An introduction of a pleasurable stimulus after a behavior, which will increase the likelihood of the future occurrence of the behavior
🗑
|
||||
| Negative Reinforcement | A removal of (or the avoidance of) an aversive stimulus after a behavior, which will increase the likelihood of the future occurrence of the behavior
🗑
|
||||
| Positive Punishment | An introduction of an aversive stimulus after a behavior, which will decrease the likelihood of the future occurrence of the behavior
🗑
|
||||
| Negative Punishment | A removal of (or a threatening to remove) a pleasurable stimulus after a behavior, which will decrease the likelihood of the future occurrence of a behavior
🗑
|
||||
| Extinction | A return of a behavior to baseline when reinforcement/punishment stops
🗑
|
||||
| Generalization | Increasing or decreasing similar responses due to punishment or reinforcement
🗑
|
||||
| Discrimination | Only increasing or decreasing the specific response that was reinforced or punished
🗑
|
||||
| Primary reinforcers | A reinforcer that automatically increases the likelihood of a response
🗑
|
||||
| Secondary reinforcers | A reinforcer that has been learned through classical conditioning to increase the likelihood of a response
🗑
|
||||
| Shaping | Rewarding successive approximations of a behavior that's being reinforced
🗑
|
||||
| Chaining | Reinforcing combinations of learned behaviors that are paired together
🗑
|
||||
| Continuous Reinforcement | Reinforcement for every correct response
🗑
|
||||
| Partial/Intermittent Reinforcement | Occasional reinforcement for a correct response
🗑
|
||||
| Fixed Ratio | Reward for a behavior after "X" responses. Causes faster responders to get more rewards. Produces high rates of responding but quick extinction when the reinforcement is removed
🗑
|
||||
| Variable Ratio | Reward for a behavior after a variable and unpredictable numbers of responses. Gambling is a great example of this reward system. It is very hard to extinguish after the connection is made
🗑
|
||||
| Fixed Interval | Reward for a behavior after "X' amount of time has passed. The responses are rather sparse in down time, but get more vigorous right before time X
🗑
|
||||
| Variable Interval | Reward for a behavior after a variable and unpredictable amount of time. This causes slow, steady responding
🗑
|
||||
| What is the effectiveness of reinforcement? | All things being equal, most people learn fastest with immediate reinforcement or immediate punishment. Punishment tends to be less effective than reinforcement except when temporarily suppressing undesirable behavior.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
100001362536770
Popular Psychology sets