Human Growth and Development
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| Theories that describe the ways in which societies place people on a particular life path are called: A. self theories. B. stratification theories. C. continuity theories. D. activity theories. | B. stratification theories.
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| Self theories emphasize: A. social forces. B. levels of discrimination. C. perceptions of self. D. circumscribed opportunities. | C. perceptions of self.
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| Erikson called the final crisis of development: A. optimization versus compensation. B. generativity versus stagnation. C. integrity versus despair. D. activity versus disengagement. | C. integrity versus despair.
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| According to Erikson, integrity versus despair is the focus of: A. adolescence. B. early adulthood. C. middle adulthood. D. late adulthood | D. late adulthood
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| Yvette looks back at life with pride even though some of her personal history include errors on her part. shes in the stage Erikson called: A.generativity vs stagnation B.optimization vs compensation C.activity vs disengagement D.integrity vs despair | D. integrity versus despair
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| According to Erikson, each new experience throughout life requires: A. both assimilation and accommodation. B. a reassessment of identity. C. selective optimization. D. stratification. | B. a reassessment of identity.
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| Meg was asked to select a cherished object She chose a brassy picture frame with an old photo of her and her mother Her selection demonstrates an attempt to: A.portray it as valued antique B.be young again C.hold onto her identity D.be like her mother | C. hold on to her identity.
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| a musician limits his repertoire practices more and changes posture when he plays. He is: A.giving into despair of the last life cycle stage B.using selective optimization w/ compensation C.becoming less ambitious/ creative D.showing signs of alzheimers | B. using selective optimization with
compensation.
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| In older adults, a positive world view: A. correlates with less well being. B. correlates with believing that life is meaningful. C. is associated with increased family conflict. D. is associated with increased responsiveness to regretful events. | B. correlates with believing that life is
meaningful.
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| A study indicated that the brains, bodies, and behaviors of adultscdiagnosed with _____ were more like those of younger adults; they did not age the appropriate way. A.the positivity effect B.compulsive hoarding C.late-life depression D.disengagement | C. late-life depression
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| _____ theories claim that social forces limit individual choice and direct life, especially in late adulthood. A. Dynamic B. Self C. Stratification D. Stage | C. Stratification
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| Age, gender, ethnicity, and income are the four major categories of _____; as such, they can limit choice at every stage of life. A. cognitive development B. socioeconomic status C. self theories D. stratification | D. stratification
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| The idea that opportunities and roles are determined based on age is referred to as: A. stratification by age. B. selective optimization. C. self-actualization. D. social stagnation. | A. stratification by age.
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| The most controversial version of social stratification theory is _____, in part because it can be used to justify ageism and social isolation. A. compensation B. disengagement C. optimization D. activity | B. disengagement
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| A man who is 65 years old develops a passive style of interaction and withdraws from his connections with younger people. Which theory says this behavior is natural? A.continuity B.self-actualization C.selective optimization D.disengagement | D. disengagement
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| The antithesis of disengagement theory is _____ theory. A. epigenetic B. identity C. activity D. feminist | C. activity
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| The view that elderly people need to remain active in a variety of social spheres is called: A. stratification theories. B. positivity effect. C. activity theory. D. disengagement theories. | C. activity theory.
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| Which theory focuses on the gender divisions promoted by society? A. feminist B. continuity C. disengagement D. sexist | A. feminist
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| Gender-stratification theory recognizes that men and women are pushed into certain roles because of their sex, roles that may ultimately: A. limit women but not men. B. harm them in late adulthood. C. keep society intact. D. make them better spouses | B. harm them in late adulthood.
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| The increased allostatic load that African Americans experience as a result of years of stress related to discrimination is referred to as: A. self theory. B. weathering. C. disengagement. D. integrity. | B. weathering.
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| In the U.S., elderly Hispanics seem to have a _____ advantage over elderly non-Hispanics. A. longevity B. income C. health care D. education | A. longevity
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| Older immigrants tend to be: A.happy/financially stable due to retirement B.well integrated to extended family life as is US norm C.isolated but provided for by social welfare D.lonely/ poor without a US work history or the benefit of family support | D. lonely and poor, without a U.S. work
history or the benefit of extended family life to support them.
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| The crucial stratification variable in the well being of the elderly is _____, which causes a lifetime of stresses including less education, health care, and many accumulating disadvantages A. the age of retirement B. low income C. age D. family size | B. low income
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| Denmark which has the most happy seniors mitigates stratification by income by: A.requiring that younger family members financially support elder B.limiting family size C.providing free health care/ subsidized senior housing D.allowing no retirement | C. providing free health care and subsidized
senior housing
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| All of the following workers are quite likely to remain in the paid labor force after age 60 EXCEPT: A. an English professor. B. a unionized mechanic at a local factory. C. an independently employed cleaning lady. D. a judge in a state court. | B. a unionized mechanic at a local factory.
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| _____ provides social status, financial security, and independence for older adults. A. Paid employment B. Volunteer opportunities C. Retirement D. Medicare | A. Paid employment
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| After mandatory retirement was outlawed on a federal level in the 1980s, the average retirement age: A. increased dramatically. B. decreased. C. stayed the same. D. was no longer measured. | B. decreased.
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| Which of the following occupations still has a legal mandatory retirement age? A. doctor B. lawyer C. jet pilot D. teacher | C. jet pilot
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| What proportion of adults over the age of 65 volunteer in formal settings? A. 1/2 B. 1/4 C. 3/4 D. 1/3 | B. 1/4
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| Which is NOT a reason elders dont volunteer?A.volunteering is an intense experience not designed for themB.they are afraid to leave familiarityC.Organizations lack recruitment/training efforts aimed at themD.They do not want to give time/ money to others | D. The elderly usually do not want to give
time or money to assist others.
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| Typically, who does more housework after retirement than before? A. men B. women C. hired caregivers D. both men and women | D. both men and women
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| Generally, where do the elderly prefer to live? A. in a planned retirement community B. with their children or other relatives C. in their own homes D. in nursing homes | C. in their own homes
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| When older Americans move, they are most likely to move: A. not far from their old residence. B. to a warm climate. C. to the town where they were born. D. to the countryside, where it is quiet and where there is less crime. | A. not far from their old residence.
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| When many adults who moved into a neighborhood decades earlier never leave the area, the result is: A. assisted living. B. an empty nest. C. a universal design. D. a naturally occurring retirement community. | D. a naturally occurring retirement
community.
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| Which state has the highest proportion of people over the age of 65? A. Florida B. California C. Arizona D. Maine | A. Florida
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| The fact ME PA WV follow FL as the states with highest proportion over 65 illustrates that: A.most elderly want to retire to warmer places B.only a few states have adequate # retirement communities C.most prefer to age where they always lived | C. most people prefer to age where they have
always lived.
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| Religious involvement correlates with _____ because it promotes social relationships and healthy habits. A. higher levels of stress B. better health C. more wealth D. earlier death | B. better health
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| Which about older people and religion is TRUE? A.Religion provide valuable social network B.Belief in afterlife may explain high #s suicide among African American women C.Faith decreases D.Religious identity is never as significant as ethnic identity | A.Religious institutions provide valuable
social network to the aging
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| Psychological health in old age is based on: A.belief that ones faith or ethnicity is superior to others B.feeling continuity in experience and traditions among generations C.focus on pleasure and immediate needs D.attendance of religious services | B.a feeling that there is continuity in
experience and traditions among generations.
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| What percentage of older adults volunteer in political campaigns? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 5 | B. 2
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| In what way are older Americans the LEAST politically active? A. voting B. writing letters to elected officials C. staying informed on current events D. volunteering on political campaigns | D. volunteering on political campaigns
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| The requirement for membership in AARP is that the person is: A. retired. B. over 50. C. over 65. D. collecting Social Security. | B. over 50.
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| in regard to elections and policy debates, the elderly tend to: A.vote in support of economic interests B.uniformly support the candidate or measure endorsed by AARP C.identify with a political party. D.look to their adult children for guidance | C. to identify with a political party
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| The term “social convoy” refers to the truism that: A. he who travels fastest travels alone. B. it is not healthy to spend time alone. C. we travel through life in the company of others. D. we need a strong leader in times of conflict. | C. we travel through life in the company of
others.
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| Compared to single older adults, elderly partners tend to be: A. happier and wealthier. B. happier but poorer. C. poorer and less happy. D. wealthier but less happy. | A. happier and wealthier.
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| Who is likely to be the healthiest and happiest at 70 one who? A.never married and lives alone B.lives with her husband of 40 years C.has been a widow for 14 years and did not remarry D.has been divorced for 23 years and lives with her daughter | B. lives with her husband of 40
years
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| Most studies of marriages of long duration find that compared to younger adults, the elderly are: A.more open to possibly divorcing B.happier in their marriage C.no longer interested in sexual interaction D.likely to dwell on areas of disagreement | B. happier in their marriages.
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| About one in every ____ long-term marriages is not satisfying to at least one person in the couple. A. 10 B. 6 C. 2 D. 4 | B. 6
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| One crucial factor in the success of long-term marriages is: A. a sense of agreement on everything. B. a strong sense of shared experiences. C. a more active sex life. D. the trend toward living apart together. | B. a strong sense of shared experiences.
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| Ed and Janet have been married 60 yrs. When asked to share their secret to a long marriage, Ed replied: A.We spend ample time apart B.We have learned how to disagree C.She depends on me for $ D.We each have our own friends instead of combined circle | B. “We have learned how to disagree.”
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| A family of many generations but with only a few members of each generation is called a _____ family. A. beanpole B. nuclear C. stratified D. collective | A. beanpole
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| Brad has added a room to his house in anticipation of his elderly parents moving in with him. As their oldest son, he feels obligated to provide care for them out of a sense of: A. filial responsibility. B.family ethics. C.guilt D.surrogate parenting | A. filial responsibility.
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| When it comes to intergenerational relationships, conflict is more likely in ______ relationships than in distant ones. A. married B. long-lasting C. newly formed D. emotionally close | D. emotionally close
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