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Biology

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Term
Definition
Evolution   process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms  
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Charles Darwin   scientist who formulated theory of Evolution through natural selection  
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Theory of use-and-disuse   theory proposed that organisms could alter (change) the size or shape of particular organs by using their bodies in new ways  
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Acquired characteristics   belief that changes such as altered body structures would be inherited  
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Theory of natural selection   process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully  
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Fitness   the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment  
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Natural Selection (Survival of the fittest)   process described by Darwin in which the strongest survive  
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Adaptation   an inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival  
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Gene pool (frequency)   consists of all genes including all the different alleles that are present in a population  
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Artificial selection   selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms  
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Homologous structures   structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues  
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Analogous structures   performing a similar function but having a different evolutionary origin, such as the wings of insects and birds  
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Vestigial structures   organ that serves no useful function in a an organism  
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Comparative anatomy   determining the evolutionary relationships between different species to find similar structures or characteristics  
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Comparative embryology   determining the evolutionary relationships between different species by studying their embryos  
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Comparative biochemistry   the study of the similarities and differences between different living organisms  
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Fossil record   remains of dead organisms that have been preserved by natural processes  
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Evolutionary tree   diagram used to represent evolutionary relationships among different living and extinct species  
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Common ancestor   all species, living and extinct, were derived from common ancestors  
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Selecting agent   any factor, environmental or otherwise, that affects fertility or mortality.  
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