Exam #4 - Substance Abuse Disorders
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| What three ways do drugs increase neurotransmitter concentrations? | Lock onto receptors, lock onto neuron or prevent reuptake
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| What neurotransmitters are involved in addiction? | Dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, GABA, and glutamate
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| What are the two types of substance related disorders in the DSM-V? | Substance use disorders and substance induced disorders
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| What does it mean to have a dual diagnosis? | Substance abuse and psychiatric disorder
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| What does CAGE stand for? | Cut-down, annoyed, guilty, eye-opener
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| What is AUDIT used for? | A screening tool for alcohol use; a series of 10 questions scored 0-4; a score higher than 8 for men indicates a problem; a score higher than 7 indicates a problem for women
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| Name three CNS depressants? | Alcohol, barbiturates and benzodiazepines
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| What is the mechanism of action of alcohol? | Sedative affect by increasing GABA and decreasing glutamate
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| When does alcohol withdrawal begin? | Starts at 4-12 hours after last drink
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| What happens to vital signs with alcohol withdrawal? | Everything increases: HR, RR, BP, temperature
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| What older medication is used to promote abstinence from alcohol? | Disulfiram (Antabuse)
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| What opiate antagonist is used to promote abstinence from alcohol? | Naltrexone (Revia, Vivitrol)
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| What medication diminishes craving for alcohol by blocking receptors? | Trexone
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| What GABA agonist is used to promote abstinence from alcohol by exerting a calming, relaxing effect? | Acamprosate (Campral)
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| What effect do barbiturates exert? | Excessive drowsiness
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| Name two examples of barbiturates | Seconal (secobarbital) and Phenobarbital
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| Which class of CNS depressants are long acting and less harmful in overdose? | Benzodiazepines
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| Name four examples of benzodiazepines | Lorazepam (Ativan), Alprazolam (Xanax), Diazepam (Valium), Clonazepam (Klonopin)
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| Name the antidote for benzodiazepine respiratory depression | Flumazenil (Romazicon)
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| Name three drugs that are considered CNS stimulants. | Amphetamines, cocaine, and caffeine
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| What mode of action do amphetamines have? | Increase norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin
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| Name four examples of amphetamines | Methamphetamine, dextroamphetamine, benzphetamine, ecstasy
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| What drug produces a high 12X that of sex? | Amphetamines
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| What is the most commonly used drug in the world? | Caffeine
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| Withdrawal from these two CNS stimulants includes intense cravings | Amphetamines and cocaine
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| What is the mode of action of cocaine? | Activates dopamine transmission in the limbic system
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| What can an overdose of opiates lead to? | Death by respiratory depression
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| What is the antidote for an opiate overdose? | Narcan
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| Withdrawal symptoms of this drug resembles the flu | Opiates
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| What antihypertensive medication is used to promote withdrawal/abstinence from opiates? | Clonidine (Catapres)
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| What controversial medication is used to promote withdrawal from opiates? | Methadone (Dolophine)
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| What partial opioid antagonist is used to promote withdrawal/abstinence from opiates and is taken sublingually? | Buprenorphine (Subutex, Suboxone)
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| What is the most common illicit drug in the U.S? | Cannabis (Marijuana)
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| There is a high rate of use of this illicit drug in people who present with a first psychosis | Marijuana
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| This class of drugs induces a psychotic state known as perceptual distortions | Hallucinogens
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| Name three examples of hallucinogens | LSD, Mescaline, PCP
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| Use of this hallucinogen can produce "bad trips" | LSD
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| Use of this hallucinogen can lead to desensitization and person can be hurt and not have a sense of it | PCP
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| This disorder describes intermittent flashbacks that occur for years post-use | Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder
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| This drug acts as both a stimulant and a depressant | Nicotine
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| This drug mimics acetylcholine in the brain | Nicotine
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| This drug increases and prolongs the action of dopamine | Nicotine
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| This smoking-cessation medication is begun 2 weeks before the person actually quits smoking | Buproprion (Zyban) = Wellbutrin
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| This smoking-cessation medication is more effective than Zyban but has some serious psychiatric side effects | Varenicline (Chantix)
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| A genetic mutation of this gene can leave some people with a tendency towards anxiety, anger, and low self-esteem | DRD2 Gene
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| What does CIWA-Ar stand for? | Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol Revised
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| How is the CIWA-Ar used? | 10 withdrawal symptoms are rated on a scale of 0-7; if the total score is > 10, then benzodiazepines are needed for withdrawal (calms and prevents seizures)
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| What does IOP stand for? | Intensive Outpatient Program
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| At what stage of the transtheoretical model of change is a person ready to accept suggestions and strategies to change their drug use? | Preparation stage
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| What is the most common treatment for addiction? | Self-help groups
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