Med Surg
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| 3 extraocular structures include | eyelids, lashes, tears
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| 3 intraocular layers include | sclera, uvea, retina
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| aqueous humor def | liquid that nourishes eye structure - lens and cornea
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| vitreous humor def | clear jelly like that holds retina in place
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| refractive media def | all structures working together - receive and bend light rays, focus on retina, then reflect to form image then reverse & turn upside down to carry to optic nerve to optic casem to form L & R optic tract and trasmit to brain
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| refraction def | when light passes through the cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, lens, and vitreous humor
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| accomodation def | process by which the lens changes shape to focus
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| near point def | closest point a person can clearly focus on an object
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| ophthalmologist def | DR who specializes in eye disorders (MD)
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| optometrist def | test vision, eye exam, prescribe lens, contact lenses, some treat limited eye disorders & prescribe meds (OD)
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| optician def | specialist who make eyeglasses/contact lenses based on ophthalmologist & optometrists recommendation
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| what age should a patient have a thorough visual screening? | 40
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| ptosis def | drooping of lid
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| proptosis def | extended/protruded upper eye lid that delays closing or remains partially open
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| nystagmus def | uncontrolled oscillating movement of eyeball
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| how far do you have your pt stand from the eye chart when conducting assessing visual acuity? | 20 ft
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| what is normal vision, visually impaired and legally blind? | normal - 20/20, V.I. - 20/70, legally blind - 20/200
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| what do the Jaeger chart and Rosenbaum pocket vision screening tool measure and how are they used? | 14 inches away and used to evaluate near vision
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| what are the Ishihara polychromatic plates used for? | color vision
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| when performing the corneal light reflext test, what is considered a normal result? | reflection of light should be the same for each eye. It assesses alignment of the eye
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| Tonometry def | measures IOP
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| Amsler grid is used to assess pts with ______ problems | mascular
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| what is a slit lamp exam? | a binocular microscope that magnifies the surface of the eye and is helpful to disorders including corneal abrasions, irisitis, conjunctivitis and cataracts
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| what is Rentinal angiography used for? | detects vascular changes and blood flow through retinal vessels
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| what is a whisper test? | tests used to assess pts gross auditory acuity
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| what do the tuning forks test for? | screen for hearing loss
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| what are decibels? | unit of measuring intensity of sound
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| Emmetropia def | normal vision
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| Myopia def | nearsightness
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| Hyperopia def | farsightness
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| presbyopia def | associated w/ aging r/t difficulty w/near vision
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| astygmatism def | visual distortion caused by an irregularly shaped cornea
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| BCVA | best corrected visual cornea
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| endophthalmitis def | disorder which all 3 layers of eye and vitreous are inflammed
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| diplopia def | double vision
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| conjunctivitis def | inflammation of conjunctivia - pink eye can lead to blindness
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| uveitis def | inflammation of uvea which is made up of iris, ciliary body and choroids - no known cause. give mydriatics, atropine, analgesics, antibiotics. can lead to glaucoma, cataracts, and retinal detachment
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| keratitis def | inflammation of cornea d/t trauma and infectous agents - stop wearing contacts temporarily
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| blepharitis def | inflammation of eye lids
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| horodoleum def | inflammation/infection of Zeis/moll glands - oil glands at edges of eye lids d/t staph infection
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| chalazion def | cyst of 1 or more meibomian glands - inner surface of eyelid d/t blockage and gland enlarges
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| macular degeneration def | breakdown/damage to the maeula pt on the retina where light rays converge for most acute visual perception
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| glaucoma def | production and drainage of aqueous fluid
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| open angle def | aka chronic/simple and most common - onset slow and pt may not experience noticeable symptoms for many years
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| angle def | closure less common, recognize to prevent blindness
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| cataracts def | aging process or congenitally acquired - diabetes and halo around light - early sx
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| phacoemulsification | ultrasound breaks the lens into minute particles removed by aspiration
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| retinal detachment def | sensory layer becomes separated from pigmental layer of retina
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| enulcleation def | surgical removal of an eye
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| presbycusis def | hearing impairment associated w/old age
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| tinnitus def | ringing in ears - one or both
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| sensorineural def | hearing loss is usually irreversible
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| cerumen impaction def | accumulated earwax that obstructs the external acoustic meatus
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| otalgia def | fullness/pain in ears - diminished hearing
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| otitis media def | inflammation of tissue in outer ear
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| myringotomy/tympanotomy def | small opening cut in tympanic membrance to decrease likelihood of rupture
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| otoscelerosis def | result of bony overgrowth of the stapes and common cause of hearing loss among adults
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| menieres disease def | fluctuation in production/reabsorption of fluid in the inner ear
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| ototoxicity def | detrimental effect of certain meds on the 8th cranial nerve or hearing structures
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| acoustic neuroma def | aka vestibular schwannoma - hearing loss and compression of cochlear nerve/interference w/BS to nerve and cochlear
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