Genetics Chapter 12 Human Heredity
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Tumor suppressant genes | Prevent growth
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| Oncology | Study of tumors (aka neoplasm) An abnormal growth of tissue
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| Benign | Non-invasive, non- metastatic tumor
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| Malignant | "Badly born", tumor characterized by anaplasia, invasiveness and metastasis
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| Anaplasia | Rapidly dividing, undifferentiated cells
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| Metastasis | Spread of cancer to other body sites
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| Categories of malignant neoplasia | All end in -oma
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| Carcinoma | Ectodermal cells
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| Sarcoma | Mesodermal cells
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| Leukemia | White blood cells- myeloid or lymphoid lineages
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| Lymphoma | Macrophages and cells of the lymphatic system
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| Familial | Inherited predisposition, mutations are carrier in all cells, recessive at cellular level but inherited as a dominant trait as new somatic mutations accumulate (organism level= dominant)
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| Sporadic | Spontaneous mutations
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| Cancer is a ____ disease. | genetic
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| Primary risk factor for cancer | Age
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| Stages in cancer cell | Metaplasia, dysplasia, anaplasia, extravasation
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| Intravasation | Enter into bloodstream of cancer cells
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| Extravasation | Exit from bloodstream of cancer cells
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| Cancer is caused by... | An inherited susceptibility or a sporadic event.
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| Mutator genes | Do not cause cancer directly but result in genome instability and increased mutation rate (cancer syndromes)
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| Oncogenes | Increase cell division (proliferative)
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| Why aren't mutations in proto- oncogenes found among familiar types of cancer? | 1. Mutations in DNA repair genes indirectly cause "cancer syndromes" 2. Retinoblastoma
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| Retinoblastoma | A malignant tumor of the eye arising in retinoblasts (embryonic retinal cells that disappear at about 2 years of age.) Because mature retinal cells do not transform into tumors, this tumor usually occurs only in children. Deletion long arm chromosome 13
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| RB1 Gene | The tumor- suppressing protein pRB controls the G1/S transition in the cell cycle, without pRB, cell division in uncontrolled
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| Polyps | Growths attached to the substrate by small stalks. Commonly found in nose, rectum, and uterus
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