cell division - chapter 10
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| cancer | a disease of the cell cycle; a disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth
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| centriole | two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope
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| chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins
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| crossing over | process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
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| diploid | refers to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
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| haploid | refers to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes
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| interphase | the "in between" period of cell growth and division
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| mitosis | division of cell nucleus; first stage
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| sister chromatid | one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome
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| tetrad | structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis
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| cell cycle | the series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
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| centromere | area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
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| chromosome | threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next
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| cytokinesis | division of cytoplasm; second stage
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| gamete | specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
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| homologous chromosomes | pair of matching chromosomes in an organism, with one being inherited from each parent
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| meiosis | process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
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| prophase | first and longest phase of mitosis
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| spindle | a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosoes
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| zygote | fertilized egg
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