Newborn Terminology, Medical Terminology
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| Acrocyanosis | show 🗑
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| show | Scoring system to assess the condition of baby in the first few minutes of life. Babies can score 1-2 in 5 categories – Appearance (skin color), Pulse (heart rate), Grimace (reflex irritability), Activity (muscle tone), and Respiration, 1 & 3 minutes
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| show | Scale to assess the gestational maturity of the newborn. Scale goes from -10 (20 weeks) to 50 (44 weeks). Newborns can score a -1 to a 5 in the following categories: Skin, Ear/Eye, Lanugo, Plantar surface, Breast buds, and Genitals.
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| Extrauterine | show 🗑
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| show | System of skin-to-skin care that aims to promote closeness of newborn or preterm baby, helps the baby regulate body temperature, intestinal tract, and respiratory system, all by taking cues from the mother's body.
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| Neonatal | show 🗑
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| show | Peri/natal Around birth / after birth. Refers to the baby's first week of life.
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| show | One of a handful of normal neonatal reflex triggered by stroking the sole of the foot. Big toe bends upwards instead of downwards – which the infant will change when they learn to walk.
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| show | Swelling of the fetal head at birth, often due to face presentation or other pressure from cervix and birth canal restricting some blood flow back into the fetal body. Bruising may occur but it should pit when pressure is applied, gone quickly
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| Circumcision | show 🗑
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| show | Small white epithelial spots, or cysts, at the junction of of the hard and soft palate of the mouth. Very common and usually resolve themselves within a week or two.
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| Harlequin sign | show 🗑
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| Macrosomia | show 🗑
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| Marbling | show 🗑
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| show | (congenital dermal melanocytosis) Dark bluish spots, often found in the lumbosacral regions but can appear anywhere. They are benign and disappear 3-5 years after birth.
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| show | Newborn reflex to any sudden movement or noise, with quick extension of arms. Aka 'startle reflex' – may be absent in sick or preterm babies.
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| show | (nevus flammeus) Unilateral birth marks that do not go away and often grow with the child. The marks are caused by a patch of skin that has an insufficient supply of nerve fibers, which make the capillaries expand excessively.
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| show | Another newborn reflex, initiated by stroking the cheek or side of mouth – baby then turns to that side and opens his or her mouth ready to suckle.
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| show | The production of heat within the body. For neonates, thermogenesis is relatively inefficient at first, so it is important to protect them from the cold.
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| Tonic neck reflex | show 🗑
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| show | temporary condition, characterized by rapid respirations - up to 120 per minutes for up to 5 days – as well as cyanosis and grunting. More common after caesarean sections. Oxygen therapy is usually administered and infection must be ruled out.
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| Anencephaly | show 🗑
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| show | A drooping or abnormal relaxation of the upper eyelid. Can sometimes be severe enough to effect vision. Also called ptosis.
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| Cephalohematoma | show 🗑
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| show | Circumoral = around the mouth A blue appearance to the skin around the mouth. Indicates there may be decreased oxygen in the bloodstream
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| Cleft lip/palate | show 🗑
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| Diaphragmatic hernia | show 🗑
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| Dubowitz score | show 🗑
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| Epispadias | show 🗑
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| show | Upper arm paralysis caused by injury to upper trunk of brachial plexus nerves. Several muscles are usually paralyzed – caused by traction on fetal neck during birth, ie breech birth, shoulder presentation or shoulder dystocia.
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| Erythroblastosis fetalis | show 🗑
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| Fistula | show 🗑
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| show | Ah-tree-sha Congenital defect where the esophagus does not develop properly. Usually detected by choking and excessive drooling, and even cyanosis. May usually go hand-in-hand with other abnormalities, however, can be fixed surgically.
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| Hip dysplasia | show 🗑
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| show | Hydro/cephalus “Water on the brain” - a buildup of fluid inside the skull that leads to brain swelling.
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| show | Aka – jaundice! When too much bilirubin accumulates in the body, usually associated with a liver disease. In newborns it's quite common as their body acclimates to extrauterine life. Depending on severity, may resolve itself to require medical treatment.
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| Hypoglycemia | show 🗑
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| show | Congenital birth defect where the urethra in males develop abnormally. There may not be an extra opening, but difficulty controlling urine or being able to stand and urinate may be difficult. Can be surgically corrected.
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| show | Congenital defect where the anus, rectum, or colon has not formed properly. Rectum or colon may be connected to the vagina or bladder by a fistula. Can be corrected with surgery.
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| Kernicterus | show 🗑
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| show | When an infant has breathed in meconium that was passed before or during delivery. Causes severe respiratory distress and must be treated immediately.
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| Meningomyelocele | show 🗑
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| Microcephaly | show 🗑
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| show | Flaring open nostrils during breathing in an attempt to decrease airway resistance.
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| Phototherapy | show 🗑
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| show | Om-fa-la-seal An umbilical hernia – where intestines or other organs stick through the umbilicus with varying degrees of severities. All must be repaired with surgery.
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| show | Accumulation of air or gas in pleural cavity, causing collapse of lungs on affected side. spontaneous or follow trauma. Immediate medical treatment is necessary to remove air or gas.
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| show | Excess of red blood cells – occurs in neonate because of high levels of fetal hemoglobin.
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| show | Congenital condition of having supernumerary (too many) fingers of toes.
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| show | Rales = rattle Clicking, rattling, or crackling noises that may be made by one or both lungs during inhalation. Usually signs of a respiratory disease, or fluid in the alveoli (small airways in lungs)
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| show | The sucking in of the skin around the bones of the chest during inhalation. Sign of difficulty breathing and increased use of chest muscle to help compensate.
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| Rhonchi | show 🗑
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| show | system to evaluate breathing in preterm babies. Grades of 0-2 in following categories – chest retraction compared with abdominal retraction, traction of lower intercostal muscles, xiphoid retraction, flaring of nares win inspiration, and expiratory grunt
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| Strabismus | show 🗑
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| Subconjunctival hemmorhage | show 🗑
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| show | Congenital condition of having too few fingers or toes – usually they are fully formed but one or more are fused together.
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| show | A yeast infection (candida) that causes white patches on the mouth and the tongue, in this case in the newborn or baby. Can be caused by immature immune system or use of antibiotics, and can be passed back and forth from the nursing mother baby
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