Prenatal Terminology, Medical Terminology
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| Antepartum | Ante/partum - before / birth (an-teh-par-tum) Can also be interchanged with prenatal
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| Cephalopelvic | Cephalo / pelvic – head in the pelvis Relation of fetal head to maternal pelvis
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| Engagement | Entry of presenting fetal part into the maternal pelvis
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| Etiology | Eti / o / logy – study of causes Studying the cause or origination of something
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| Fetus | Unborn child in the uterus – from 8 weeks until birth
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| Fundus | Top of uterus / furthest from the cervix
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| Gestation | Growth of fetus during pregnancy
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| Gravida | Gravid / a – pregnant woman “Gravida” followed by a number indicates how many times she has been pregnant
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| Hypertrophy | Hyper/trophy – excessive development Enlargement of an organ or body part because of an increase in size of individual cells
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| Intrauterine | Intra/uterine – inside the uterus
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| Kegel exercises | Relaxing and contracting the pelvic floor muscles – helps to strengthen
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| Libido | Desire for sexual activity
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| Morbidity (in Statistics) | The rate of sickness or incidence of disease
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| Multigravida | Multi/gravid/a – multi-gra-vee-dah Woman who has been pregnant at least for a second time
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| Multipara | Multi/para - multi-pair-ah Woman who has had more then one birth
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| Opaque | Unable to see through – opposite of transparent
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| Para | Para –this word has a billion meanings, depending on use Woman how has had at least one live birth
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| Perinatal mortality | Peri/natal – pre birth Fetus who has died in utero. Can also refer to neonate deaths within first week of life
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| Postmaturity | Post/maturity – after maturity Referred to a pregnancy that goes after 42 weeks
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| Prenatal | Pre/natal – before birth
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| Preterm | Before full term gestation, usually refers to an early or “preterm” birth
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| Primigravida | Primi/gravida Woman who has been pregnant for the first time
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| Primipara | Primi/para Woman who has given birth for the first time
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| RhoD Immune Globulin | immunizing agent used to prevent antibodies from forming after during pregnancy when a mother has Rh-negative blood and the baby is Rh-positive
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| Teratogen | Te-rat-oh-jen Drug or other factor capable of interfering with development of fetus
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| Trimester | Period of 3 – in pregnancy refers to the three periods of three months
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| Turbidity | turbid/ity – being thick or opaque In pregnancy, can be used to determine turbidity or urine or amniotic fluid
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| Viability | Ability to survive Term used to describe the ability of the fetus to survive outside the womb
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| Void | Absence In medicine – to excrete, drain away, empty or evacuate
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| Blastocyst | Fertilized egg stage – early pregnancy, about a week after conception. Develops into fetus
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| Corpus Luteum | “yellow body” Remains on ovary where egg was released. If fertilization of egg occurs, secretes hormones that encourage growth of fertilized egg. lasts 14-16 weeks until placenta is fully functioning
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| Decidua | Lining in the uterus (endometrium) where a fertilized egg imbeds. Called such because it is considerably thicker than non-pregnant endometrium.
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| Embryo | Organism in first stage of development – 2-6 weeks after conception
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| Graafian Follicle | Grah-fee-in Follicle a mature ovarian vesicle that ruptures during ovulation to release the ovum.
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| Intervillious | space that allows maternal arterial blood to cascade around placental villi – where exchange of gases, nutrients, minerals and vitamins take place
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| Menstruation | Breakdown of the lining of the uterus that occurs at the end of a normal reproductive cycle, as long as there is no fertilized egg.
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| Progesterone | Hormone secreted by the ovaries to help maintain the lining of the uterus during pregnancy
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| Zygote | Fertilized ovum before segmentation
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| Linea Nigra | Latin for “black line” Temporary dark line during pregnancy from umbilicus to pubis. Happens due to increased melanocytic hormone from pituitary gland.
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| Leukorrhea (or leucorrhea) | Leuko / rrhea = white flow Normal white vaginal discharge secreted by cervical glands. Usually increased at ovulation and during pregnancy
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| Malaise | Tired, feelings of discomfort and illness
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| Nocturia | Noct / uria = urination during the night Excessive urination during the night time
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| Pica | Cravings for abnormal foods/substances during pregnancy. Most notorious is dirt and gasoline. Can sometimes signify nutritional deficiencies
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| Proteinuria | Protein / uria = abnormal urine protein Abnormal condition of protein in the urine
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| Ptyalism | Increase in salvation In pregnancy, usually due to nausea or vomiting
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| Striae | bands, stripes, lines Also known as stretch marks
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| Syncope | Fainting or sudden loss of consciousness
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| Varicose veins | Enlarged veins, due to a failure in the one-way valves and subsequent pooling of blood. In pregnancy, often caused by increased pressure to the pelvis and lower extremities
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| Auscultation | method of examination of internal organs by listening to their sounds During pregnancy, it means listening to the fetal heart with a doppler or fetoscope
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| Ballotement | “Bouncing” In pregnancy, patting the fetus in the amniotic sac, causing it to rebound against examining fingers
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| Bimanual examination | Type of examination f the abdomen using both hands – one hand on abdomen, one finger inserted in rectum or vagina
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| Fetoscope | Feto / scope – Fetal examination instrument Manual instrument used to auscultate fetal heart tones
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| Fundal Height | Distance between fundus and top of pubic symphysis, measured to record growing size of uterus. Measurement in cm is approximate to weeks pregnant.
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| Malpresentation | Mal / presentation – bad presentation Fetus that is presenting in the uterus in an unfavorable way. IE, breech.
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| Naegele’s Rule | Rule for calculating due date. Subtract 3 months from first day of last menstrual period, then add 7 days
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| Palpation | Physical examination by touch In pregnancy, often refers to determining fetal presentation by using finger and hand pressure on the skin of the abdomen
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| Pelvimetry | Pelvic capacity assessment evaluation of the size and shape of pelvis
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| Speculum | Instrument used to open up a cavity not normally accessible Best known for use in vaginal/pelvic exams
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| Uterine Souffle | Uterine “sue-full” Auscultated Cardiac sound of the fetus – a soft, blowing sound
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| Abruptio Placenta | Partial or complete separation of placenta from its site after 24 weeks of pregnancy. Causes pain and hemorrhage.
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| Amniocentesis | Amnio / centesis – surgical puncture of amnion Procedure to remove fluid from the amniotic sac
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| Anemia | An / emia Blood condition where it is lacking nutrients – most common is iron
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| Bacteriuria | Bacteri / uria Bacteria in the urine
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| Condylomata acuminata | Wart like growth near external genitalia or anus. Also known as genital warts
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| Congenital | Condition present at birth
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| Cystitis | Cyst / it is Inflammation the bladder
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| Cytomegalovirus | Cyto / megalo / virus (CMV) Common infection, if first contracted during pregnancy can cause severe fetal anomalies
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| Eclampsia | Complication of pre-eclampsia, peripartum epileptic fits which causes maternal cerebral hemorrhage, pulmonary adema, renal failure, and death
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| Ectopic Pregnancy | A fertilized egg that has embedded in fallopian tube, ovary, or otherwise abnormal area of the uterus
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| Dysmature | Dys / mature Fetus that is small for gestation age
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| Dyspareunia | Dys / pareunia Difficult or painful coitus/intercourse
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| Dysuria | Dys / uria Difficult or painful urination
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| Glycosuria (or glucosuria) | Glycos / uria Sugar in the urine, often indicates diabetes or kidney problems
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| Homan’s sign | Pain in the calf when foot and leg is extended – sign of deep vein thrombosis
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| Hydatidiform mole | Vesicular mole that is often a precursor to choriocarcinoma (uterine cancer)
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| Hyperemesis gravidarum | Hyper-em-eysis Grav-eh-dare-um (HG) Excessive vomiting in pregnancy. Mother must be monited closely to make sure she is not dehydrated and lacking nutrients
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| Isoimmunization | Immunization within species
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| Infectious Diseases | Disease that can easily be spread from person to person
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| Labile | Unstable, liable to variation
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| Oligohydramnions | Oligo / hydr / amnios Condition in pregnancy marked by low amniotic fluid
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| Placenta Previa | Condition where the placenta has attached very close to or covering the cervix. Causes placental abrubtion when the cervix begins to efface and open for labor
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| Polyhydramnios | Poly / hydr / amnios Condition in pregnancy marked by high amniotic fluid
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| Preeclampsia | Hypertension development during the second half of pregnancy
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| Spirochete | Also Spirochaete Spiral-shaped bacteria – some can be serious pathogens for humans
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