Final comp. exam
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| What does PERRL stand for? | Pupils are equally, round and reactive to light
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| Where do you listen for the apical pulse? | Fifth intercostal space on the left side.
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| What are "Normal" breath sound regions? | Bronchial, Broncho-vesicular, Vescularmedium
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| What are the three most common adventitious breath sounds? | Crackles, Wheezes, Plural Rub
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| When is it common to hear Cheyne-stokes pattern? | During end of life
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| In what order do you preform a abdominal inspection? a) auscultate, inspect, palpate b)palpate, auscultate , inspect c)Inspect, Auscultate, Palpate d)Inspect, palpate, auscultate | Inspect, Auscultate, Palpate
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| You have assessed your patient's pedal pulses and have noticed they have 4mm pitting edema on their left lower leg, how you would document this? | Edema +2 on left lower extremity
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| A "normal" capillary refill return will happen in how many seconds? | 2 seconds or less
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| How can you help your patient reduce pain without an order for medication? | Distraction technique (taking, rubbing, touching, ect)
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| What is subjective data? | Data that is usually collected from the patient and is mainly opinion.
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| A blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate is what type of data? | Objective data
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| What is the difference between acute pain and chronic pain? | Acute pain is for a short time (onset to 6 months)and is usually sudden.
Chronic pain is longer (6 mo. and more), interferes with daily function and is difficult to treat.
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| A hemorrhage in abdomen that causes pain in the shoulder is known as what type of pain? a)referred pain b)phantom pain | Referred Pain
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| What is a normal respiratory rate? | 12-20 breaths per min
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| What is a normal pulse rate? | 60-80 beats per min
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| While doing rounds, you find a patient cyanotic, with a heart rate of 120 beats per min, and a respiratory rate of 36 breaths per min. What should you do first? A)Apply oxygen and contact the charge nurse B)Call the physician C)Check chart for order | Check the chart to see if oxygen has already been ordered.
If not, call physician to get order.
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| What are the early signs of hypoxia? | Restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia and tachypnea
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| What are the late signs of hypoxia? | Bradycardia, Extreme restlessness, dyspnea
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| What are the signs of hypoxia in pediatrics? | stridor, nares flare, expiratory grunting, sternal retractions
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| 1-5 liters of oxygen would be appropriate to give through what delivery method? | Nasal Cannula
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| A nasal cannula can provide how much oxygen concentration? | 20-40%
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| What flow rate would you need to use if you were providing oxygen through a simple mask? | 5-10 liters per min
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| What flow rate would you need to use if you were providing oxygen through a venturi mask? | 4-8 liters per min
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| What flow rate would you need to use if you were providing oxygen through a reservoir mask? | 6-10 liters per min
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| What could happen if you give a patient with COPD too much oxygen? | The excess oxygen could knock out their dive to breathe and they would go into respiratory failure.
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| True or False - In the elderly, respiratory rate decreases, gas exchange diminishes, cough reflex decreases and cilary action diminishes. | True
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| Does oxygen or carbon monoxide have a stronger pull to hemoglobin? | Carbon Monoxide
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| What is ventilation? | The movement of air in and out of the lungs.
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| What is Perfusion? | The flow of blood through the vessels of a specific organ or body part.
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| What is Diffusion? | The movement of gases from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
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| How does the nursing process benefit nurses? | It provides a common language and framework to give is a consistent, patient oriented way to problem solve.
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| What are the steps in the Nursing Process? | 1- Assessment/Data collection
2- Patient problem / nursing diagnosis
3- planning
4- Implementation
5- Evaluatin
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| What step of the nursing process does the LPN have the least to do with? | Nursing Diagnosis
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| What methods does an LPN use to collect data? | Making observations, interviewing the patient and preforming a physical assessment.
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| Where should a nurse gather their primary source of data from? | The patient
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| How should you set priorities? | according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
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| What is pain? | Whatever the person experiencing it says it is, existing whenever he or she says it does.
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| What are the 6 rights to medication administration? | Drug
Dose
Documentation
Patient
Time
Route
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| What is a therapeutic effect of a medication? | It is what we expect the drug to do. Ex: Tylenol should relieve a headache.
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| What is medication tolerance? | When the body adapts to a medication, and requires a person to take more to achieve a therapeutic effect.
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| What is a drug dependence? | An overwhelming need for a drug.
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| What is a side effect? | A predictable reaction to a medication. Can be good or bad. Usually not harmful.
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| What is an adverse effect? | A severe reaction that can be harmful to the patient.
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| What does tetrogenic mean? | harmful to a fetus
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| Idiosyncratic is... | an over/under reaction that is not predictable. Also called and "idiot reaction"
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| What is synergistic? | when two or more medications, work together to increase affect.
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| What is Antagonistic? | an opposing interaction. when two or more meds work against each other.
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| Incompatibility | medications that are not chemically able to work together.
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| What are the types of medication orders? | standing, stat, single, PRN, verbal, telephone, electronic/fax
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| How long should you hold the tear ducts after administrating glaucoma drops? | 30-60 seconds
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| Medication entry on MAR was unreadable due to a spill, what should you do? | Copy the info onto the MAR from the original order.
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| What is the wasting procedure for disposal of a narcotic? | Two nurses must witness the medication disposal.
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| When should you check the label during a medication pass? | 1- Before removing from bottle or shelf
2- Before preparing/ measuring actual dose
3- Before returning med to storage
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| What is another name for a maintenance dose? | The plateau dose
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| What is the trough? | It is the minimum drug concentration level in the blood stream.
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| What are the enteral routes? | oral, nasogastric, rectal
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| What are the percutaneous routes? | topical, transdermal, sublingual, buccal, inhalation
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| What are routes of instillation? | eye, ear, nasal, vaginal, implantable
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| After giving your patient a rectal suppository, how long should they stay laying down? | 15-20 min
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| If you are giving more than one eye drop, how long should you wait to instill the second medication? | 5 min
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| When is the best time to give an eye ointment? | HS, to prevent the medication from being wiped/rubbed out.
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| Why should you warm ear drops before administrating them into the patients ear? | to prevent vertigo
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| What do almost error, near miss and close calls have in common? | They are all potential medication errors
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| Define a sentinel event. | A death or serious injury occurred due to an error.
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| A preventable error is also known as what type of event? | Never event
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| What is the first thing you should do if a medication error has occurred? | Maintain patient safety (assess VS)
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| What is the number one way you can prevent medication errors? | always use six rights
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| Allowing for the patient's input is __________. | Autonomy
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| To do good is ______________. | Beneficence
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| Do no harm is also called____________. | Non-maleficence
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| Being honest is called __________ | fidelity
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