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Transitions to PN
Final comp. exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does PERRL stand for? | Pupils are equally, round and reactive to light |
| Where do you listen for the apical pulse? | Fifth intercostal space on the left side. |
| What are "Normal" breath sound regions? | Bronchial, Broncho-vesicular, Vescularmedium |
| What are the three most common adventitious breath sounds? | Crackles, Wheezes, Plural Rub |
| When is it common to hear Cheyne-stokes pattern? | During end of life |
| In what order do you preform a abdominal inspection? a) auscultate, inspect, palpate b)palpate, auscultate , inspect c)Inspect, Auscultate, Palpate d)Inspect, palpate, auscultate | Inspect, Auscultate, Palpate |
| You have assessed your patient's pedal pulses and have noticed they have 4mm pitting edema on their left lower leg, how you would document this? | Edema +2 on left lower extremity |
| A "normal" capillary refill return will happen in how many seconds? | 2 seconds or less |
| How can you help your patient reduce pain without an order for medication? | Distraction technique (taking, rubbing, touching, ect) |
| What is subjective data? | Data that is usually collected from the patient and is mainly opinion. |
| A blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate is what type of data? | Objective data |
| What is the difference between acute pain and chronic pain? | Acute pain is for a short time (onset to 6 months)and is usually sudden. Chronic pain is longer (6 mo. and more), interferes with daily function and is difficult to treat. |
| A hemorrhage in abdomen that causes pain in the shoulder is known as what type of pain? a)referred pain b)phantom pain | Referred Pain |
| What is a normal respiratory rate? | 12-20 breaths per min |
| What is a normal pulse rate? | 60-80 beats per min |
| While doing rounds, you find a patient cyanotic, with a heart rate of 120 beats per min, and a respiratory rate of 36 breaths per min. What should you do first? A)Apply oxygen and contact the charge nurse B)Call the physician C)Check chart for order | Check the chart to see if oxygen has already been ordered. If not, call physician to get order. |
| What are the early signs of hypoxia? | Restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia and tachypnea |
| What are the late signs of hypoxia? | Bradycardia, Extreme restlessness, dyspnea |
| What are the signs of hypoxia in pediatrics? | stridor, nares flare, expiratory grunting, sternal retractions |
| 1-5 liters of oxygen would be appropriate to give through what delivery method? | Nasal Cannula |
| A nasal cannula can provide how much oxygen concentration? | 20-40% |
| What flow rate would you need to use if you were providing oxygen through a simple mask? | 5-10 liters per min |
| What flow rate would you need to use if you were providing oxygen through a venturi mask? | 4-8 liters per min |
| What flow rate would you need to use if you were providing oxygen through a reservoir mask? | 6-10 liters per min |
| What could happen if you give a patient with COPD too much oxygen? | The excess oxygen could knock out their dive to breathe and they would go into respiratory failure. |
| True or False - In the elderly, respiratory rate decreases, gas exchange diminishes, cough reflex decreases and cilary action diminishes. | True |
| Does oxygen or carbon monoxide have a stronger pull to hemoglobin? | Carbon Monoxide |
| What is ventilation? | The movement of air in and out of the lungs. |
| What is Perfusion? | The flow of blood through the vessels of a specific organ or body part. |
| What is Diffusion? | The movement of gases from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. |
| How does the nursing process benefit nurses? | It provides a common language and framework to give is a consistent, patient oriented way to problem solve. |
| What are the steps in the Nursing Process? | 1- Assessment/Data collection 2- Patient problem / nursing diagnosis 3- planning 4- Implementation 5- Evaluatin |
| What step of the nursing process does the LPN have the least to do with? | Nursing Diagnosis |
| What methods does an LPN use to collect data? | Making observations, interviewing the patient and preforming a physical assessment. |
| Where should a nurse gather their primary source of data from? | The patient |
| How should you set priorities? | according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. |
| What is pain? | Whatever the person experiencing it says it is, existing whenever he or she says it does. |
| What are the 6 rights to medication administration? | Drug Dose Documentation Patient Time Route |
| What is a therapeutic effect of a medication? | It is what we expect the drug to do. Ex: Tylenol should relieve a headache. |
| What is medication tolerance? | When the body adapts to a medication, and requires a person to take more to achieve a therapeutic effect. |
| What is a drug dependence? | An overwhelming need for a drug. |
| What is a side effect? | A predictable reaction to a medication. Can be good or bad. Usually not harmful. |
| What is an adverse effect? | A severe reaction that can be harmful to the patient. |
| What does tetrogenic mean? | harmful to a fetus |
| Idiosyncratic is... | an over/under reaction that is not predictable. Also called and "idiot reaction" |
| What is synergistic? | when two or more medications, work together to increase affect. |
| What is Antagonistic? | an opposing interaction. when two or more meds work against each other. |
| Incompatibility | medications that are not chemically able to work together. |
| What are the types of medication orders? | standing, stat, single, PRN, verbal, telephone, electronic/fax |
| How long should you hold the tear ducts after administrating glaucoma drops? | 30-60 seconds |
| Medication entry on MAR was unreadable due to a spill, what should you do? | Copy the info onto the MAR from the original order. |
| What is the wasting procedure for disposal of a narcotic? | Two nurses must witness the medication disposal. |
| When should you check the label during a medication pass? | 1- Before removing from bottle or shelf 2- Before preparing/ measuring actual dose 3- Before returning med to storage |
| What is another name for a maintenance dose? | The plateau dose |
| What is the trough? | It is the minimum drug concentration level in the blood stream. |
| What are the enteral routes? | oral, nasogastric, rectal |
| What are the percutaneous routes? | topical, transdermal, sublingual, buccal, inhalation |
| What are routes of instillation? | eye, ear, nasal, vaginal, implantable |
| After giving your patient a rectal suppository, how long should they stay laying down? | 15-20 min |
| If you are giving more than one eye drop, how long should you wait to instill the second medication? | 5 min |
| When is the best time to give an eye ointment? | HS, to prevent the medication from being wiped/rubbed out. |
| Why should you warm ear drops before administrating them into the patients ear? | to prevent vertigo |
| What do almost error, near miss and close calls have in common? | They are all potential medication errors |
| Define a sentinel event. | A death or serious injury occurred due to an error. |
| A preventable error is also known as what type of event? | Never event |
| What is the first thing you should do if a medication error has occurred? | Maintain patient safety (assess VS) |
| What is the number one way you can prevent medication errors? | always use six rights |
| Allowing for the patient's input is __________. | Autonomy |
| To do good is ______________. | Beneficence |
| Do no harm is also called____________. | Non-maleficence |
| Being honest is called __________ | fidelity |
Created by:
alesha945
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