Hon Bio Chem Test
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| atom | the basic unit of matter
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| nucleus | the center of the atom which contains the protons and the neutrons
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| electron | negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus
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| proton | positively charged particle located in the nucleus
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| neutron | particle with no charge located in the necleus
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| ionic bond | chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
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| covalent bond | type of bond between atoms in which electrons are shared
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| hydrogen bond | weak attraction between hydrogen atom and another atom
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| acid | a compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution; a solution with a pH less than 7
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| base | a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution; a solution with a pH more that 7
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| buffer | a compound that prevents a sharp or sudden change in pH
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| pH scale | a scale that values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ (hydrogen) ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 6 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral and a pH of 8 to 14 is basic
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| Solute | a substance that dissolves into a solution
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| solvent | dissolving a substance into a solution
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| adhension | force of attraction between different kinds of molecules
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| ion | particles that have gained or loss electric charge; Lose negative charge becomes more positive; loses positive charge becomes more negative
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| What are the common ions found in organisms? | • Sodium- Na+
• Chloride- Cl-
• Potassium- K+
• Calcium- Ca++
• Hydrogen- H+
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| Is insulin a macromolecule? | YES
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| Hydrophobic | "water fearing"
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| Hydrophilic | "water loving"
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| What polar is each molecule attracted to: hydrophilic or hydrophobic? | nonpolar - hydrophobic
polar - hydrophilic
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| What is the most important atom in an organism? | Carbon
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| How many bonds can the carbon atom form? | 4
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| What shape do Carbon atoms form? | Carbon atoms have rings or chains
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| Molecules that contain carbon are classified into what type of molecule? | Organic molecule
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| Molecules on the left side of a chemical equation are called . | reactants
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| Molecules on the right side of a chemical equation are called . | products
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| Metabolism | all the chemical reactants that happen in a cell
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| Dehydration Synthesis | removing a water molecule to make a bond
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| Polymerization | kind of synthesis reaction in which many smaller subunits that are similar join to make a bigger molecule
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| Monomers | the small subunits in polymerizations
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| Polymers | The big molecule made in polymerizations
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| Hydrolysis | kind of chemical reaction in which a molecule is broken apart by adding
a water molecule
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| Give an example of a polymer. | Nucleotide (GCAT) *join together to make DNA molecule*
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| What are the functions of enzymes? | to speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
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| What type of organic compound are enzymes? | proteins
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| Carbohydrates are chains of what smaller organic molecule? | sugars
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| What are 3 ways organisms can use carbohydrates? | 1. quick energy
2. easy energy
3. structure
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| What 2 examples of carbohydrates in living organisms | 1. sugars
2. starches
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| Name 3 sugar | frutose
glucose
surcose
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| What is another name for sugars? | sarccharide
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| How many sugars does monosaccharide have? | 1 sugar
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| How many sugars does polysaccharide have? | 3 or more
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| How many sugars does disacchride have? | 2 sugars
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| Which carbohydrate do plants store for later energy? | Strach
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| Which carbohydrate do animal store for later energy? | glycogen
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| Which carbohydrate makes the cell wall of plants | cellulose
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| Can we digest carbohydrates if not why? | NO; it helps things move in intestines
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| Why do carnivores only eat meat? | can't digest cellulose
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| Are lipid chains smaller molecules than carbohydrates? | NO
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| What are 3 ways that living creatures use lipids? | 1. insulate the body
2. energy storage
3. cushion organs
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| Name 3 examples of lipids in living organisms | 1. Fats
2. Oils
3. Waxes
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| What are 2 ex of saturated fats | butter & cheese
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| What are the general saturated fats | solid at room temp. & contributes to heart disease
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| 2 ex. of unsaturated fats | plants, fish, or vegetables
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| List the general characteristics of unsaturated fats | liquid at room temp. & better diet choice
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| Why is cholesterol good and bad? | -good cell membrane
-hormones
-too much creates heart disease
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| What structure is made up of phospholipids? | Cell Membrane
Head: polar
Tail: nonpolar
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| What are 3 ways living things use proteins? | 1. muscles
2. skin, hair, nails, claws
3. episin
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| What are 3 ex. of proteins in living organisms? | 1. hormones
2. movement
3. enzymes
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| Proteins are chains of what smaller organic molecules? | Amino Acids
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| How many different Amino Acids are there | 20
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| How does proteins function property? | Proteins fold and twist into a correct form (3D) Different Shapes = Different Form
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| What is it called when a proteins unfold? | Denature
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| What are examples of Nucleic Acids? | DNA & RNA
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| What is the function of genetic material? | stores and transfers energy
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| What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? | nucleotides
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| What are the nitrogen bases | A C G T U
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| What are the DNA chains like? | -double sided
-double sided helix
-A C G T
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| What are the RNA chains like? | -singled sided
-A C G U
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| Does DNA have weak bonds or strong bonds? | weak bonds between nitrogen bases join the 2 strands
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| Replication of DNA | -copy DNA
-2 strands of DNA helix are complementary
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| Who found out about DNA | Watson, Crick and others
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