New Guidelines for treatments/ various seizure types
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| 38% of all people get migraines at some time. What percentage of this population seek help or get primary prevention treatment? | 1/3
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| Name 5 criteria for primary migraine headache prevention treatment | 1. frequent attacks
2. acute medication overuse
3. acute medication ineffective/not tolerated
4. patient preference
5. migraines assoc. with weakness or other ...neurological symptoms
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| Name the 2 medications that were initially the 1st line choice for migraines. | Gabapentin and Verapamil
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| Name the 2 now preferred medications for migraine headaches. | Topiramate and Topamax
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| What is a chronic disorder or group of chronic disorders in which the indispensable feature is recurrence of seizures that are typically unprovoked & usually unpredictable? | Epilepsy
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| What is a transient epileptic event? | Seizure
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| Signs of seizures can be broadly classified into a limited no. of categories such as what? | 1. alteration of consciousness
2. behavior, posture, tone
3. motor activity, tone, sensation
4. autonomic function
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| Describe simple partial seizures. | changes in vision/hearing, odd feelings, staring, deja vu, trembling that moves up 1 side of the body
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| What are 2 types of seizures? | 1. Generalized
2. Partial
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| What are complex partial seizures? | bilateral spread of the seizure discharge at least to the basal forebrain & limbic areas
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| What are some symptoms of complex partial seizures? | lip smacking, picking at clothes, disrobing, repeated phrases, unaware of danger or pain, automatisms (automatic actions independent of external stimuli
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| What is a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure? [formerly called grand-mal seizure] | generally, body stiffens, falls to the ground, emits a loud cry, muscle jerking. Activity begins symmetrically an synchronously. AKA both hemispheres/simultaneously.
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| What is an absent seizure? [formerly called peti-mal seizure] | result in brief periods of impaired awareness. also may be small motor movements, changes in muscle tone or automatic behaviors
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| What are myoclonic seizures? | Characterized by rapid brief muscle jerks. Can occur bilaterally or unilaterally. Range from isolated small movements to massive bilateral spasms
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| What are atonic seizures? | Associated with a sudden loss of muscle tone in a limb or throughout the entire body. A person will often drop things or fall to the ground
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| True or False? An accurate history and description of the episode is vital to the diagnosis. | True
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| Name 4 diagnostic considerations when treating seizure disorders. | 1. EEG (consider video EEG monitoring)
2. CT scan
3. MRI of the brain
4. Complete lab workup
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| Name 4 differential diagnoses for seizures. | 1. Migraines
2. Syncope
3. TIA
4. Non-epileptic events
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| Name 3 treatment options for seizures. | 1. Conservative approach if isolated event.
2. Avoid provoking factors if identified
3. Medication: dilantin, phenobarbitol, depakote, tegretol, topamax, lamictal, neurontin, keppra, vimpat.
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