Shock
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| Is an abnormal clinical syndrome involving impaired cardiac pumping and/or filling. | Heart Failure
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| ____ and ____ are the primary risk factors for HF. | CAD & Advancing age
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| Results from the inability of the heart to pump blood effectively. | Systolic HF
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| The hallmark of systolic dysfunction? | ↓EF
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| The inability of the ventricles to relax and fill during diastole. | Diastolic HF
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| You will have pulmonary congestion, pulmonary HTN, ventricular hypertrophy and a NORMAL EF. | Diastolic HF (S/S)
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| The most common type of HF; which causes increased pulmonary pressures l/t pulmonary congestion and edema. | Left-sided HF
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| Right ventricular dilation & hypertrophy caused by pulmonary disease. | Cor pulmonale
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| One of the earliest symptoms of chronic HF. | Fatigue
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| Patients with HF and an EF less than ___ have a high risk of fatal dysrhythmias. | 35%
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| Is done in pts who develop unexplained, new-onset HF that is unresponsive to usual care. | Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB)
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| What are normal BNP levels? | <100pg/mL
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| Is a device that increases coronary blood flow to the heart muscle and ↓ the hearts workload through a process called counter pulsation. | Intaaortic Ballon Pump (IABP)
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| Are the primary drug of choice for blocking the RAAS system in HF patients w/ systolic dysfunction. | ACE inhibitors
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| The primary lesions of IE, consist of fibrin, leukocytes, platelets, and microbes that adhere to the valve surface or endocardium. | Vegetations
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| An infection of the endocardial layer of the heart. | Infective Endocarditis
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| A condition caused by inflammation of the pericardial sac. | Pericarditis
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| The most commonly identified virus of pericarditis. | coxsackie B virus
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| The hallmark of acute pericarditis? | Pericardial Friction Rub
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| A decrease in SBP w/ inspiration that is exaggerated in cardiac tamponade. | Pulsus Paradoxus
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| The ___ is useful in the diagnosis of acute pericarditis, w/ abnormalities noted in approximately 90% of the cases. | ECG
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| DOE, hemoptysis; fatigue; A-Fib on ECG, palpitations, stroke; Loud S1; low-pitched, rumbling diastolic murmur. | Mitral Valve Stenosis
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| Poorly tolerated; new systolic murmur w/ pulmonary edema & cardiogenic shock develop rapidly. | Acute Mitral Valve Regurgitation
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| Weakness, fatigue, exertional dyspnea, palpitations; S3 Gallop, holosystolic or pansystolic murmur. | Chronic Mitral Regurgitation
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| ___ is the most common form of valvular heart disease in the US, occurring in 2% to 6% of the population. | Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
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| Palpitations, dyspnea, chest pain, activity intolerance, syncope; midsystolic click, late or holosystolic murmur. | Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
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| Angina, syncope, DOE, HF; norma or sot S1, diminished or absent S2, systolic murmur, prominent S4. | Aortic Stenosis
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| Abrupt onset of profound dyspnea, chest pain, left ventricular failure and cardiogenic shock. | Acute Aortic Valve Regurgitation
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| Fatigue, exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, PND; water-hammer pulse; diminished S1, S3, or S4; soft high-pitched diastolic murmur, Austin Flint murmur. | Chronic Aortic Regurgitation
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| Peripheral edema, ascites, hepatomegaly; diastolic low-pitched, decrescendo murmur w/ increased intensity during inspiration. | Tricuspid Stenosis
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| Fatigue, loud midsystolic murmur. | Pulmonic Stenosis
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| Is associated with left ventricular dilation and decreased EF. | Dilated Cardiomyopathy
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| Is associated w/ left ventricular hypertrophy that decreases the ability of the chambers to relax (diastolic dysfunction). | Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
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| Is associated w/ normal left ventricular size, slightly depressed EF, and a marked decrease in cardiac muscle compliance. | Constrictive Cardiomyopathy
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| Develops over hours to days; it is a situation in which a pt BP is severely elevated (often above 220/140) w/ evidence o acute target organ damage especially to the central nervous system. | Hypertensive Emergency
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| An out-pouching or dilation of the vessel wall. | Aneurysm
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| Three fourths of aortic aneurysms occur in the ______ aorta. | Abdominal
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| Aneurysmal growth rates may be lowered by treatment with these drugs. | Statins
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| The most common etiology of descending AAA's is ______. | Atherosclerosis
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| Is one in which he wall of the artery forms the aneurysm, with at least one vessel layer still intact. | True Aneurysm
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| Embolization of plaque causing patchy mottling of the feet and toes in the presence of palpable pedal pulses. | "Blue toe syndrome"
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| Is the most accurate test to determine the length and cross-sectional diameter, and the presence of thrombus in the aneurysm. | CT scan
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| V1-V4(LAD) | Anteroseptal MI
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| Lead II & III & aVF(RCA) | Inferior wall MI
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| V5-V6 & Lead I(LAD & Circumflex) | Anterolateral MI
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| What are the four classifications of shock. | Cardiogenic, Hypovolemic, Distributive, Obstructive
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| Is a syndrome characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular metabolism. | Shock
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| Occurs when either systolic or diastolic dysfunction of the pumping action of the heart results in reduced cardia output; Increase PAWP, Decrease BP. | Cardiogenic Shock
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| The hearts inability to pump the blood forward. | Systolic Dysfunction
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| Is a hemodynamic phenomenon that can occur within 30min of a spinal cord injury at T5 vertebra or above and last up to 6 weeks; Everything Low & Poikilothermia. | Neurogenic Shock
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| Failure of two or more organ systems. | Multiple Organ Dysfunction (MODS)
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| The presence of sepsis w/ hypotension despite fluid resuscitation along w/ the presence of inadequate tissue perfusion. | Septic Shock
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| What are the 3 stages of shock. | Compensatory, Progressive, & Irreversible stage
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| The patient in early shock will feel ____ & Flushed due to hyper dynamic state. | warm
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| The cardiovascular system is profoundly affected in the ______ of stage of shock (Decrease LOC; Anasarca; cold clammy). | Progressive
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| Generalized inflammation in organs remote from the initial insult. | Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)
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| Is the failure of two or more oran systems in an acutely ill patient such that homeostasis cannot be maintained w/o intervention. | Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)
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| The most common cause of SIRS/MODS? | Sepsis
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