All HOSA Terms
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| Anatomy | the study of the structure of an organism
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| Cell | mass of protoplasm; the basic unit of structure of all animals and plants
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| Cell Membrane | Outer, protective, semipermeable covering of a cell
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| Centrosome | the area of cell cytoplasm that contains two centrioles; important in reproduction of the cell
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| Chromatin | that structure in the nucleus of a cell that contains chromosomes with genes, which carry inherited characters
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| Connective Tissues | body tissue that connects, supports, or binds body organs
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| Cytoplam | the fluid inside a cell; contains water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, and salts
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| Dehydration | insufficient amounts of fluid in the tissues
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| Edema | swelling; excess amounts of fluid in the tissues
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum | fine network of tubular structure in the cytoplasm of a cell; allows for the transport of material in and out o the nucleus and aids in the synthesis and storage of protein
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| Epithelial Tissue | tissue that forms the skin and parts of the secretes glands, and that lines the body cavities
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| Genes | the structures on chromosomes that carry inherited characteristics
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| Genome | the total mass of genetic instruction humans inherited from their parents
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| Golgi Apparatus | that structure in the cytoplasm of a cell that produces, stores, and packages secretions for discharge from the cell
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| Lysosomes | those structures in the cytoplasm of a cell that contain digestive enzymes to digest and destroy old cells, bacteria, and foreign materials
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| Meiosis | the process of cell division that occurs in gametes, or sex cells (ovum and spermatozoa)
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| Mitochondria | those structures in a cell that provide energy and are involved in the metabolism of the cell
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| Mitosis | Process of asexual reproduction by which cells divide into two identical cells
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| Muscle Tissue | body tissue composed of fibers that produce movement
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| Nerve Tissue | body tissue conducts or transmits impulses throughout the body
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| Nucleolus | the spherical body in the nucleus of a cell that is important in reproduction of the cell
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| Nucleus | the structure in a cell that controls cell activities such as growth, development, and health
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| Organ | body part made of tissues that have joined together to perform a special function
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| Organelles | structures in the cytoplasm of a cell, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, and Golgi apparatus
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| Pathophysiology | study of how disease occurs and the responses of living organisms to disease processes
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| Physiology | the study of the processes or functions of living organisms
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| Protoplasm | thick,viscous substance that is the physical basis of all living organisms
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| Stem Cells | important cells that can become any specialized cell type needed in the human body
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| System | a group of organs and other parts that work together to perform a certain function
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| Tissue | a group of similar cells that join together to perform a particular function
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| Vacuoles | a membrane-bound organelle which is present in all plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal and bacterial cells
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| Abuse | any care that results in physical harm or pain, or mental anguish
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| Advance Directives | a legal document designed to indicate a person's wishes regarding in care in case of a terminal illness or during the dying process
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| Agent | someone who has the power or authority to act as the representative of another
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| Civil Law | the focus on the legal relationships between people and the protection of a person's rights
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| Confidentiality | not to be shared or told; to be held in confidence, or kept to oneself
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| Contract | to shorten, decrease in size, or draw together; an agreement between two or more persons
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| Criminal Law | the focus on behavior known as crime; deals with the wrongs against a person
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| Defamation | slander or libel; a false statement that causes ridicule or damage to a reputation
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| Designation of Health Care Surrogate or Durable Power of Attorney | a document that permits an individual (known as a principal) to appoint another person (known as an agent) to make any decisions regarding health care if the principal should become unable to make decisions
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| Ethics | principles of right or good conduct
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| Expressed Contracts | stated in distinct and clear language, either orally or in writing
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| False Imprisonment | refers to restraining an individual or restricting an individual's freedom
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| Informed Consent | permission granted voluntarily by a person who is of sound mind and aware of all factors involved.
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| Invasion of Privacy | revealing person information about an individual without his or her consent
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| Legal | authorized based on law
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| Legal Disability | a condition in which a person does not have legal capacity and is therefore unable to enter into a legal agreement (for example, as is the case with a minor)
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| Libel | false written statement that causes a person ridicule or contempt or causes damage to the person's reputation
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| Living Wills | a legal document stating a person's desires on what measures should or should not be taken to prolong life when his or her condition is terminal
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| Malpractice | providing improper or unprofessional treatment or care that results in injury of another person
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| Negligence | failure to give care that is normally expected, resulting in injury to another person
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| Patients' Rights | factors of care that all patients can expect to receive
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| Privileged Communications | all personal information given to health personnel by a patient; must be kept confidential
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| Slander | spoken comment that causes a person ridicule or contempt or damages the person's reputation
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| Tort | a wrongful or illegal act of civil law not involving a contract
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| Communication | process of transmission; exchange of thoughts or information
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| Competence | able, capable
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| Cultural Diversity | differences among individuals based on cultural, ethnic, and racial factors
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| Dependability | capable of being relied on; trustworthy
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| Discretion | ability to use good judgment and self-restraint in speech or behavior
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| Empathy | identifying with another's feelings byt being unable to change or solve the situation
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| Enthusiasm | intense interest or excitement
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| Goal | desired result or purpose toward which one is working
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| Honesty | truthfulness; integrity
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| Leadership | ability to lead, guide, and direct others
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| Listening | to pay attention, make an effort to hear
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| Nonverbal Communication | without words or speech
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| Patience | ability to wait, persevere; capability for calm endurance
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| Personal Hygiene | care of the body including bathing, hair and nail care, shaving, and oral hygiene
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| Responsibility | being held accountable for actions or behaviors; willing to meet obligations
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| Self-Motivation | ability to begin or to follow through with a task without the assistance of others
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| Stress | body's reaction to any stimulus that requires a person to adjust to a changing environment
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| Time Management | system of practical skills that allows an individual to use time in the most effective and productive way
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| Battery | unlawfully touching another person without that person's consent
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| Assault | physical or verbal attack on another person; treatment or care given to a person without obtaining proper consent
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| Genome | the total mass of genetic instruction humans inherit from their parents
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| Body Planes | imaginary lines drawn through the body at various parts to separate the body into sections
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| Transverse Plane | horizontal plane that divides the body into a top half and a bottom half
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| Superior | parts above other parts
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| Inferior | parts below other parts
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| Cranial | body parts located near the head
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| Caudal | body parts located near the sacral region of the spinal column
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| Midsagittal or Median Plane | divides the body into a right and left side
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| Medial | body parts close to the midline or plane
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| Lateral | body parts away from the midline
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| Frontal or Coronal Plane | divides the body into a front section and a back section
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| Ventral or Anterior | body parts in front of the plane, or on the front of the body
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| Dorsal or Posterior | body parts on the back of the body
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| Proximal | body parts close to the point of reference
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| Distal | body parts distant from the point of reference
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| Body Cavities | spaces within the body that contain vital organs
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| Dorsal Cavity | one long, continuous cavity located on the back of the body
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| Cranial Cavity | contains the brain
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| Spinal Cavity | contains the spinal cord
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| Ventral Cavities | separated into two distinct cavities by the dome-shaped muscle (diaphragm)
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| Thoracic Cavity | located in the chest and contains the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, lungs, heart, and large blood vessels
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| Abdominal Cavity or Abdominopelvic Cavity | divided into an upper part and a lower part
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| Upper Part of Abdominal Cavity | the upper part contains the stomach, small intestines, most of the large intestine, appendix, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen
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| Lower Part of Abdominal Cavity | the lower part or pelvic cavity contains the urinary bladder, the reproductive organs, and the last of the large intestine
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| Orbital Cavity | for the eyes
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| Nasal Cavity | for the nose structures
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| Buccal Cavity or Mouth | for the teeth and tonuge
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| Epigastric | above the stomach
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| Umbilical | near the umbilicus or belly button
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| Hypogastric | below the stomach
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| Hypochondriac | below the ribs
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| Lumbar | near the large bones of the spinal cord
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| Iliac | near the groin
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