CHAP 7 DIFFUSION, TRANSPORT, AND CELL MEMBRANES
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| What happens to a freshwater organism when it is transfered to sea water? | it's cells will shrink; crenate
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| What factors influence the rate of diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane? | size of the molecules, temperature of the environment,concentration of the solutes
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| Diffusion of nonpolar molecules are not affected by __________________. | charge
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| Type of diffusion that requires energy of ATP. | active transport
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| Type of diffusion that does not require the energy of ATP. | passive transport
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| Types of active transport. | Na-K pump, endocytosis, exocytosis
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| Movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration would require ___________ and is therefore _________________. | ATP; active transport
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| Molecules moving down the concentration gradient from high concentration to low concentration does not require ____________ and is therefore _______________. | ATP; passive transport
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| An environment that has a higher solute concentration and a lower water concentration than the cell | hypertonic environment
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| An environment with a hight water concentrationa and a lower solute concentration than the cell. | hypotonic environment
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| An environment that has the same concentration of solutes and the same concentration of water as the cell. | isotonic environment
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| What happens to a plant cell placed in a hypertonic environment? | contents shrink; plasmolysis
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| What happens to an animal cell placed in a hypertonic environment? | it will shrink; crenate
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| What happens to a plant cell placed in a hypotonic environment? | it will swell; turgid, stiff (not burst because of cell wall)
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| What happens to an animal cell placed in a hypotonic environment? | it will swell and burst
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| Passive transport that requires the use of a transport protein to transport the molecule across the membrane. | facilitated diffusion
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| The gradual change in solute concentration high to low concentration. | concentration gradient
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| The movement of molecules against the concentration gradient would be _____________. | active transport
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| The gradual spreading of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. | diffusion
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| The diffusion of water molecules only. | osmosis
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| Sodium-potassium pump is an example of ______. | active transport
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| The engulfing of molecules too large to fit through the integral proteins. Why can't plant cells do this? | phagocytosis; cell wall is to rigid
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| who proposed the "Fluid Mosaic Model" for the structure of cell membranes? | Singer and Nicolson
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| the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes proposes what structure of membranes | a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
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| animal cell membranes have what types of molecules as structural components? | phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol
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| what property does cholesterol add to animal cells | allows the membrane to be fluid like even at colder temperatures
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| a molecule that is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic | amphipathic
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| how can a polar compound like proteins be embedded in a nonpolar membrane | it must be amphipathic with both polar and nonpolar radicals in its tertiary structure
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| how can fatty acids in the phospholipid help keep the membranes more fluid than solid? | double bond kinks spread the molecules out and keep them from packing together tightly; less dense
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| proteins that span the width of the membrane | integral proteins
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| proteins limited to the outer or inner surface of the plasma membrane | peripheral proteins
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| molecules that pass through a membrane easily | small and hydrophobic
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| molecules that pass through a membrane the fastest | gases; O2, CO2, etc.
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| water diffuses through proteins called | aquaporin
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| what is the voltage across a membrane called? | membrane potential
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| types of passive transport | diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
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| carrier molecules of the membrane used in active transport | proteins
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| what happens to a cell placed in sea water | it shrivels (crenation) because sea water is hypertonic
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| plant cells placed in fresh water | will become turgid from internal pressure caused by the gain of water
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| a solution has of 5% salt concentration is separated from a solution of 15% salt concentration by a membrane that is permeable to salt but not to salt......what will happen | 5% side is hypotonic and water will move from the 5% side to the 15% side
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