CAPA ABGs / Acid-Base Balance
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is the normal value for pH in humans? | 7.35 - 7.45
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| What is the normal value for pCO2 in humans? | 35-45
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| What is ithe normal pO2 values? | 80-100
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| What is the normal HCO3 (Bicarbonate) level? | 22-26
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| A pH of 7.2 is ? | Acidic
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| Carbon dioxide is an acid or a base? | Acid
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| What organ controls CO2? | lungs
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| CO2 has a _________ relationship with pH | inverse
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| A pH of 7.5 is acidic or basic? | Basic (Alkaline)
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| HCO3 (bicarbonate) is controled by what organ? | Kidneys
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| A HCO3 of 20 is acidic or alkaline? | Acidic
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| A HCO3 of 28 is acidic or alkaline? | Alkaline (Base)
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| HCO3 is the body's ______________________ | buffer system (controlled by the kidneys - kicks in when respiratory control faile)
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| Respiratory Acidosis is caused by what? | Lungs failing to eliminate CO2 (not breathing, shallow breathing, decreased ventilation)
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| Confusion, Headache, Tachycardia and weakness are signs of what? | Acute Respiratory Acidosis
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| Weakness, Dull Headache, Sleep Disturbance, Impaired memory, and Personality changes are signs of what? | Chronic Respiratory Acidosis (e.g. COPD, Emphysema, OSA)
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| When CO2 increases, pH ______________ | decreases (becomes acidodic)
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| How does the nurse treat Respiratory Acidosis? | Maintain patent airway, oxygen therapy, pulmonary toilet, ventilation support
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| What should the PACU nurse assess often when a patient has Respiratory Acidosis? | LOC
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| Hyperventilation can lead to what? | Respiratory Alkalosis
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| Name causes of respiratory Alkalosis | Anxiety, Mechanical ventilation, Hypoxemia, CNS stimulation
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| Chvostek's and Trousseau's sign are symptoms of what disorder | Respiratory Alkalosis
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| Tetany, Paresthesia, Tachycardia, pale, anxiety are signs of what? | Respiratory Alkalosis
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| How do you treat Respiratory Alkalosis? | Decrease the respiratory rate (decrease ventilator, focused breathing, oxygen therapy)
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| What are some causes of Metabolic Acidosis? | DKA, Renal Failure, Diarrhea, Shock, Alcoholism
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| What are signs of Metabolic Acidosis | Warm flushed skin, fatigue, weakness, Kussmaul's respirations, decreased LOC
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| How do you treat Metabolic Acidosis? | Hydration, Correct the underlying cause (sodium Bicarbonate not usually given)
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| Blood transfusions may cause what acid/base disorder? | Metabolic Alkalosis (blood product is basic)
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| N/V, certain medications, and TPN may cause what? | Metabolic Alkalosis
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| What is the hallmark sign of Metabloic Alkalosis? | Increased bicarbonate level with rising pCO2
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| Confusion, Seizures, hypotension, shallow breathing, and tingling/numbness are signs of what? | Metabolic Alkalosis
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| How do you treat Metabolic Alkalosis? | Antiemetic medication, seizures precautions, replace electrolytes as indicated by labs
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| What is the body's quick compensation mechanism for acid/base disruption? | Respiratory rate (very sensative and compensates quickly)
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| How does the kidney compensate for acid/base disorders | Changes the amount of Hydrogen excreted and bicarbonate retained (more powerful, but slower than respiratory compensation)
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