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Lab Values
CAPA ABGs / Acid-Base Balance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the normal value for pH in humans? | 7.35 - 7.45 |
| What is the normal value for pCO2 in humans? | 35-45 |
| What is ithe normal pO2 values? | 80-100 |
| What is the normal HCO3 (Bicarbonate) level? | 22-26 |
| A pH of 7.2 is ? | Acidic |
| Carbon dioxide is an acid or a base? | Acid |
| What organ controls CO2? | lungs |
| CO2 has a _________ relationship with pH | inverse |
| A pH of 7.5 is acidic or basic? | Basic (Alkaline) |
| HCO3 (bicarbonate) is controled by what organ? | Kidneys |
| A HCO3 of 20 is acidic or alkaline? | Acidic |
| A HCO3 of 28 is acidic or alkaline? | Alkaline (Base) |
| HCO3 is the body's ______________________ | buffer system (controlled by the kidneys - kicks in when respiratory control faile) |
| Respiratory Acidosis is caused by what? | Lungs failing to eliminate CO2 (not breathing, shallow breathing, decreased ventilation) |
| Confusion, Headache, Tachycardia and weakness are signs of what? | Acute Respiratory Acidosis |
| Weakness, Dull Headache, Sleep Disturbance, Impaired memory, and Personality changes are signs of what? | Chronic Respiratory Acidosis (e.g. COPD, Emphysema, OSA) |
| When CO2 increases, pH ______________ | decreases (becomes acidodic) |
| How does the nurse treat Respiratory Acidosis? | Maintain patent airway, oxygen therapy, pulmonary toilet, ventilation support |
| What should the PACU nurse assess often when a patient has Respiratory Acidosis? | LOC |
| Hyperventilation can lead to what? | Respiratory Alkalosis |
| Name causes of respiratory Alkalosis | Anxiety, Mechanical ventilation, Hypoxemia, CNS stimulation |
| Chvostek's and Trousseau's sign are symptoms of what disorder | Respiratory Alkalosis |
| Tetany, Paresthesia, Tachycardia, pale, anxiety are signs of what? | Respiratory Alkalosis |
| How do you treat Respiratory Alkalosis? | Decrease the respiratory rate (decrease ventilator, focused breathing, oxygen therapy) |
| What are some causes of Metabolic Acidosis? | DKA, Renal Failure, Diarrhea, Shock, Alcoholism |
| What are signs of Metabolic Acidosis | Warm flushed skin, fatigue, weakness, Kussmaul's respirations, decreased LOC |
| How do you treat Metabolic Acidosis? | Hydration, Correct the underlying cause (sodium Bicarbonate not usually given) |
| Blood transfusions may cause what acid/base disorder? | Metabolic Alkalosis (blood product is basic) |
| N/V, certain medications, and TPN may cause what? | Metabolic Alkalosis |
| What is the hallmark sign of Metabloic Alkalosis? | Increased bicarbonate level with rising pCO2 |
| Confusion, Seizures, hypotension, shallow breathing, and tingling/numbness are signs of what? | Metabolic Alkalosis |
| How do you treat Metabolic Alkalosis? | Antiemetic medication, seizures precautions, replace electrolytes as indicated by labs |
| What is the body's quick compensation mechanism for acid/base disruption? | Respiratory rate (very sensative and compensates quickly) |
| How does the kidney compensate for acid/base disorders | Changes the amount of Hydrogen excreted and bicarbonate retained (more powerful, but slower than respiratory compensation) |
Created by:
keviannk
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