Stack #150028
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| How many electrons in the outer energy level of a carbon molecule? | 4
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| If a carbon atom needed to fill its outer energy level by sharing electrons with hydrogen, how many hydrogen would it need? | 4
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| Using table 3.1, name two functional groups that are associated with amino acids. Explain what a functional group is. | They are a group of atoms w/ special chemical features that are functionally important. Examples associated w/ amino acids are carboxyl & hydroxyl
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| What is an isomer ? Give two examples of a monossacharide isomer. | 2 structures with identical molecular formulas but difference characteristics & structure (as well as purpose)
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| What is removed from 2 monosaccharides to make a disaccharide ? (Fig. 3.7) Name the type of chemical reaction that occurred. | water; dehydration
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| How would you break up a disaccharide into two monosaccharides ? | Add water; hydralysis
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| Plants store glucose as which type of polysaccharide molecule ? | starch
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| Animals store glucose as which type of polysaccharide molecule? | glycogen (animal starch)
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| Which type of chemical reaction would you use if you wanted to break down a polysaccharide into disaccharides ? (dehydration or hydrolysis) | hydrolysis
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| What is a lipid ? give an example. | It is composed of Hydrogen and carbon atom, it is non-polar- and made from a mixture of triglycerols (also called triglycerides). Examples are fats, phospholipids & steroids
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| What is the difference between a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid ? | Saturated fats have single bonded carbon (solid at room temp) & unsaturated has double bonded carbon (liquid at room temp like vegetable oil)
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| What are saturated fatty acids saturated with ??? | hydrogen
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| How many electrons do carbons share when they are connected with a double bond ? a single bond ? | Double Bond- 2 electrons. Single Bond- 1 electron
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| How are phospholipids different from a fatty acid ? | Fats are made of a mixture of triglycerides. A fatty acid is formed by bonding glycerol to three fatty acids which are a chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms w/ a carboxyl group at the end (pg. 47 figure 3.9). Phospholipids are exactly the same exception fo
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| Explain how a phospholipids would react if it was placed in water. (draw an example) | they are amphipathic so polar heads would be facing out into water & non-polar tail would be facing away from water (toward center) pg. 49
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| An alien space ship has crashed in a lake near your house. The aliens look very similar to us, they have legs, a waist, arms, neck and a head. The big difference is that their body is hydrophilic from the waist up and hydrophobic from the waist down. D | Their heads would be in the water and their feet would be in the air.
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| Are most steroids water soluble ? why or why not ? | few polar hydroxyl groups mat be attached to this ring structure, but they are not numerous enough to make a steroid highly water soluble. Thus they are not polar enough to dissolve
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| What is the monomer of a protein ? | amino acids that make up a protein
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| Draw an amino acid and label the R group, amino group and carboxyl group |
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| The primary structure of a protein depends on | genes
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| The secondary structure of a protein depends on | the repeating folding patterns that hydrogen bonds are responsible
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| What holds a beta pleated sheet and an alpha helix together ? | (Hydrogen bonds)
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| Tertiary structures of proteins are caused by the interactions of ________. | R- groups
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| What role does charge play in the reactions of R-groups in proteins ? | they promote protein folding and stability
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| . Name the component molecules that make up nucleic acids | DNA and RNA—made up of a phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar (either deoxyribose or ribose)& a single or double ring of carbon & nitrogen atoms as a base
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| What is a phosphate group ? | group with four oxygens and a phosphate where phosphate is double bonded to one of the oxygens. (p. 58, figure 3.22)
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| What are the differences between DNA and RNA ? | A stores the genetic info while it is RNA’s job to decode it. DNA is a double helix strand and RNA is a single strand. DNA has thymine and RNA contains uracil.
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| List the four classes of organic molecules and give a function of each. | Carbohydrates- stored energy. Contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Sugar is an example of a small carbohydrate. ( the one exception to this rule is the cellulose which is found in plants and is used for structure instead of storing energy)2. Lipids- sto
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| Give an example of an amphipathic molecule discussed in this chapter. (chap 3) | Phospholipids
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