U1 KA 4 Proteins and Enzymes
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| What is a catalyst? | A chemical that speeds up chemical reactions
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| What are enzymes? | Biological catalysts that are made inside living cells
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| What are enzymes made from? | Protein
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| What is the purpose of enzymes? | Speed up chemical reactions
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| What is a substrate? | The substance that an enzyme works on.
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| What are product(s)? | The substance(s) produced by an enzyme controlled reaction.
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| What is a synthesis reaction? | One that builds big molecules from smaller ones
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| What is a degradation reaction? | One that results in the breakdown of a large molecules to smaller ones.
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| Name an enzyme that performs a synthesis reaction. | Phosphorylase
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| Name an enzyme that performs a degradation reaction. | Amylase,
Pepsin,
Lipase,
(i.e. any digestion enzyme,
Catalase.
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| Why are enzymes specific? | They only work on one substrate OR they only speed up one particular reaction.
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| What do you call the part of the enzyme that attaches to the substrate. | The active site.
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| What is different about the enzyme after the reaction? | Nothing.
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| Are enzymes re-useable? | Yes
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| Name two factors that affect enzyme activity. | Temperature,
pH,
Enzyme concentration,
Substrate concentration.
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| What word do we use to describe an enzyme that has stopped working? | Denatured
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| What has happened to denatured enzymes to make them stop working? | Active site has changed its shape.
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| What do you do to make an experiment more RELIABLE? | REPEAT it and calcululate AVERAGE results.
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| What do you do to make an experiment VALID | VARIABLES must be kept constant.
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| What is the standard list of controlled variables? | T, T, C, M, P, V
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| Name a commercial product that contains Enzymes. | Biological washing powders.
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| What does the order of amino acids in a protein determine? | The protein's shape and function.
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| Name as many functions of proteins as you can. | Membrane structural proteins
Enzymes
Antibodies
Hormones
Receptors for Hormones (or neurotranmitters)
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