Study guide 2014
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| A monosaccharide is a | carbohydrate
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| In eukaryotes, DNA | is located in the nucleus
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| Which of the following include all the others? | Chromosomes
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| DNA is copied during a process called | replication
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| RNA contains the sugar | ribose
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| How many types of RNA are there? | 3
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| Which type of RNA are involved in protein synthesis? | messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA,and transfer RNA
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| Which are copied from DNA? | mRNA, tRNA and rRNA
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| Genes contain instructions for assembling | proteins
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| As a cell becomes larger, its | volume increases faster than its surface area
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| As a cell grows it | All of the above. Places more demands on its DNA, uses up food and oxygen more quickly, has more trouble moving enough materials across its cell membrane
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| The rate at which wastes are produced by a cell depends on the cell's | volume
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| The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called | cell division
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| What happens when a cell divides? | Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cells dna
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| when during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible? | Only during cell division
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| Which of the following is a phase in the cell cycle? | all of the above- g1 phase, g2 phase, m phase
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| When during the cell cycle is a cells dna replicated? | s phase
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| which event occurs during interphase? | the cell growns
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| Which of the following is a correct statement of the events of the cell cycle? | Interphase consists of the G1,S and G2 phases
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| The cell cycle is the | Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
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| Which of the following is a phase of mitosis? | Prophase
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| The first phase of mitosis is called | Prophase
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| During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell? | Metaphase
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| Phases of mitosis in their proper sequence? | Prophase,metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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| What is the role of the spindle during mitosis? | It helps separate the chromosomes
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| The two main stages of cell division are called | Mitosis and cytokinesis
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| One difference between cell division in plant cells and in animal cells is that plant cells have | a cell plate
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| During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing | Four chromosomes
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| Right after a bone breaks, cells at the edge of the injury | Begin to divide rapidly
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| Which of the following is a factor that can stop normal cells from growing? | Contact with other cells
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| Which of the following explains why normal cells grown in a petri dish tend to stop growing once they have covered the bottom of the dish? | Contact with other cells stops cell growth
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| In eukaryotic cells, the timing of the cell cycle is regulated by | Cyclins
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| Cyclins are a family of closely related proteins that | Regulate the cell cycle
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| Which of the following regulate the cell cycle? | All of the above- growth factors, cyclins, p53
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| Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their | Growth rate
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| Cancer cells form masses of cells called | Tumors
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| Cancer affects | multicellular organisms
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| What is a tumor? | A mass of cancer cells
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| The number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by the symbol | N
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| If an organisms diploid number is 12, its haploid number is | 6
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| Gametes are produced by the process of | Meiosis
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| Chromosomes form tetrads during | prophase 1 of meiosis
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| What happens between meiosis 1 and meiosis 2 that reduces the number of chromosomes? | Replication does not occur
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| Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of | Haploid cells
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| Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of | 4 genetically different cells
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| Crossing over rarely occurs in mitosis, unlike meiosis. Which of the following is the likely reason? | Chromatids are not involved in mitosis
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| The larger a cell becomes, the ___ efficiently it is able to function | less
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| Before a normal cell becomes too large to carry out normal activities, it will usually divide to form two ________ cells. | daughter
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| Together, the G1, S phase, and G2 phase are called | Interphase
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| Another name for cell division is the __ phase | M
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| The number of sister chromatids in a human body cell that is entering cell division is | 92
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| During metaphase, the centromere on each chromosome is connected to a structure called a | Spindle fiber
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| Proteins called ____ regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells | cyclin
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| In all forms of _______ , the cancerous cells fail to respond to the signals that regulate the cell cycle of most cells | cancer
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| An organisms gametes have ____ the number of chromosomes found in the organisms body cells | half
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| Crossing over occurs during the stage of meiosis called | prophase 1
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| Distinguish between chromatids and chromatin | Chromatid is one of 2 identical sister parts of a chromosome. Chromatin consists of tightly coiled DNA.
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| Injuries to the skin heal completely, while injuries to the spinal cord may result in paralysis. What characteristic of the two types of cells in these body parts accounts for this difference? | Skin cells can reproduce, nerve cells can not replicate
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| Identify a factor that can stop cells from dividing | Cell contact- contact with other cells
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| How do cancer cells differ from normal cells? | Cancer cells do not stop reproducing/duplicating
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| What might happen if the gametes of a species had the same number of chromosomes as the species body cells? | It wouldn't work because it'd have too many, twice as many as you need.
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| How many sets of chromosomes are in a diploid cell? | 2 sets
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| Define homologous chromosomes | Chromosomes that have a corresponding chromosome from the other parent
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| Contrast the cells produced by mitosis with those produced by meiosis | Mitosis results in the production of 2 identical cells, meiosis produces 4 genetically different haploid cells
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| Describe what happens during the 4 stages of mitosis | Pro phase is when chromosomes become visible.
Metaphase is when the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
Anaphase is when the sister chromatids separate and become individual chromosomes.
Telophase is when chromosomes disperce.
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| The relationship between mitosis and cytokinesis? what would be the result if one happened without the other? | Mitosis is when the cell divides, cytokinesis is when the cell membrane seperates.
The result if one happened without the other would be mitosis couldn't happen.
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