Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance 1215
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| Sodium Normal Range | 135-145 mEq/L
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| Potassium Normal Range | 3.5-5 mEq/L
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| Chloride Normal Range | 96-108 mEq/L
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| Calcium Normal Range | 8.6-10.2 mEq/L
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| Magnesium Normal Range | 1.8-2.7 mEq/L
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| Phosphorus Normal Range | 2.4-4.4 mg/dL
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| FVD Severe Manifestations | Heart rate increased acutely(135-140bpm),
skin cold and clammy, eyes sunken, profound hypotension, flat neck veins, seizures, coma
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| FVE Severe Manifestations | Edema, distended neck veins, abnormal lung sounds, increased blood pressure, mental confusion, nausea
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| FVD Causes/Risk Factors | Excess fluid loss, decreased fluid intake, Diabetes Insipidus, hemorrhage, coma, medications
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| FVE Causes/Risk Factors | Excess fluid intake, decreased fluid loss,
heart failure, renal failure, cirrhosis of
the liver, excessive intake of electrolytes/dietary sodium
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| Hyponatremia Causes | Water intoxication, heart failure, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, diuretics, fasting
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| Hyponatremia Manifestations | Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, seizures, coma,
orthostatic hypotension, neurologic changes,muscle twitching,weakness
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| Hypernatremia Causes | Excess water loss, excess sodium, Diabetes Insipidus, heat stroke, medications
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| Hypernatremia Manifestations | Twitching, tremors, seizures, coma, skin flushed, weakness, lethargy, confusion,
thirst,
fever, nausea, vomiting, restlessness, agitation
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| S.A.L.T. | Hypernatremia S/S
Skin flushed
Agitation
Low grade fever
Thirst
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| Hypokalemia Causes | GI losses, medication, poor diet, excessive sweating, dialysis
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| Hypokalemia Manifestations | Muscle weakness, deep tendon reflexes decreased, fatigue, anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, GI disturbances, cardiac
disturbances
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| S.U.C.T.I.O.N. | Hypokalemia S/S
Skeletal muscle weakness, U wave in ECG, Constipation, Toxic affects of Digoxin, Irregular weak pulse, Orthostatic
hypotension, Numbness/parasthesia
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| Hyperkalemia Causes | Treatment related, impaired renal function, tissue trauma, severe infection,
salt substitutes, blood transfusion, medication, acidosis
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| Hyperkalemia Manifestations | Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, peaked T wave,
flat P wave, anxiety, DTR decreased, dysrhythmia, arrhythmia, muscle weakness, paresthesias
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| Hypocalcemia Causes | Hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption,
pancreatitis, blood transfusion, renal failure, medication, alkalosis
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| Hypocalcemia Manifestations | Paesthesias, tetany, seizures, anxiety,
respiratory-dyspnea, hyperactive DTRs, Trousseau's sign, Chovstek's sign,
clotting
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| Hypercalcemia Causes | Malignancy, hyperparathyroidism, boneloss,
immobility, medication
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| Hypercalcemia Manifestations | Fatigue, changes in LOC, coma, blood clots, stroke, muscle weakness, anorexia, constipation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, bone pain, polyuria, thirst, ECG changes, dysrhythmias, tachycardia
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| Hypomagnesemia Causes | Poor diet, poor absorption, GI loss,
urinary loss, alchoholism, acute
pancreatitis, medication
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| Hypomagnesemia Manifestations | Altered LOC, mood changes, confusion,
delusion, seizures, psychosis, coma,
hyperactive DTRs, tremors, tetany,
Trouseau's sign, Chovstek's sign,
muscle weakness, tachycardia,
dysrhythmia
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| Hypermagnesemia Causes | Renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis,
treatment related, medications
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| Hypermagnesemia Manifestations | LOC changes, flushed skin, lowered BP, nausea, vomiting, hypoactive
reflexes, muscle weakness, depressed respirations, ECG changes, dysrythmia
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| Hypophosphatemia Causes | Hyperglycemia, respiratory alkalosis,
tube feedings, malabsorption syndrome, alcoholism, heat stroke, hyperventilation, hyperventilation, diabetic ketoacidosis,
major burns, hyperparathyroidism, chronic diarrhea, laxative over use
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| Hyporphosphatemia Manifestations | Fatigue, LOC changes, muscle weakness,
decreased coordination, anorexia, constipation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal
pain, bone pain, polyuria, thirst, ECG changes, dysrhythmia, tachycardia
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| Hyperphosphatemia Causes | Renal failure, excess vit. D, acidosis, hypoparathyroidism, medication
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| Hyperphosphatemia Manifestations | Soft tissue calcification, symptoms
due to hypocalcemia
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| Hypochloremia Causes | Addison's disease, reduced chloride
intake, GI loss, diabetic ketoacidosis,
excessive sweating, fever, burns, medication, metabolic alkalosis
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| Hypochloremia Manifestations | Agitation, irritability, weakness,
hyperexcitability of muscles, dysrhythmia, seizures, coma
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| Hyperchloremia Causes | Traumatic injury, hypernatremia, dehydration, severe diarrhea, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, hyperparathyroidism, medication
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| Hyperchloremia Manifestations | Tachypnea, lethargy, weakness, rapid deep respirations, hypertension, cognitive
changes
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Created by:
aefelsher
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