HCC 2008 temperature
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| the level of hotness or coldness of the body is measured in | degrees
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| two types of body temperature | surface and core
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| surface temp | skin and outer tissue layers
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| core temp | deep structures i.e. heart and liver
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| the bodies balance of heat and production and loss is controlled by the... | hypothalamus
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| the hypothalamus is located in the | pituitary
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| "normal" body temp is | 98.6 degrees
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| Basal Metabolic Rate | factor that influences temp. --minimum rate that body cells oxidize nutrients to produce energy
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| Muscle Activity | factor that influences temp.--heat production during energy
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| Hormone Secretion | factor that influences temp
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| Circadian Rhythm | factor that influences temp. --24 hr pattern fluctuation
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| Heat Transfer | factor that influences temp.-- way in which heat is lost
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| Age | factor that influences temp.-- infants and elderly may have difficulty maintaining temperature
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| Environmental Temperature | factor that influences temp.-- extreme temps
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| Stress | factor that influences temp
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| Types of heat Transfer | Radiation, Convection, Evaporation, Conduction
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| Radiation | electromagnetic waves
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| Convection | motion between areas of unequal density
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| Conduction | transfer from direct contact
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| Heat conservation behaviors activated by cold | shivering, increased muscular activity, increased hormone secretion, constriction of surface blood vessels, behavioral adaptation, pilorection
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| Heat dissipation behaviors activated by heat | sweating, dilation of surface blood vessels, decreased hormone secretion, behavioral adaptation
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| body looses heat via | skin, respiratory system during expiration, and the elimination of body wastes
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| fever | temp. rises above normal
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| pyrexia | fever
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| hyperpyrexia | a high fever, usually above 105.8
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| intermittent | temp alternates regularly btw a period of fever and normal or subnormal temperature
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| remittent | temp fluctuates greater than 2 above normal but does not reach normal btw fluctuations
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| constant | body temp remains constantly elevated with fluctuation of two degrees
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| relapsing | temp returns to normal for at least 1 day then recurs
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| Types of thermometers | glass, electronic, tympanic membrane, temperature sensitive strips, disposable paper thermometers
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| five sites for assessing temp | oral, rectal, tympanic, axillary, forehead
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| examples of patients you who should NOT have an oral temp taken | incoherent, restless, delirious, mouth breather, less than 4 yrs old, unconscious, seizure precautions
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| patients that would NOT take a rectal temp from | perianal problems, chance of contamination (diarrhea), MI
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| normal ORAL temp | 98.6
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| normal AXILLARY temp | 97.6
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| normal RECTAL temp | 99.6
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| normal TYMPANIC temp | 99.5
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| normal FOREHEAD temp | 94.0
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| interventions for a client with hyperthermia | report findings, rest, tepid bath, increase frequency of VS, cool packs/blankets, control environmental air flow, monitor temp, look for a pattern
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| hyperthermia | too high body temp
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| hypothermia | too low body temp
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| interventions for a client with hypothermia | warm environment, warm clothing/covers, warm drinks, monitor temp, warming blankets
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| convert Fahrenheit to Centigrade | C=(F-32) x 5/9
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| convert Centigrade to Fahrenheit | F= (C x 5/9) + 32
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| danger signs of fever | dehydration, higher heart rate, decrease urinary output
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| a fever might be a sign that the body is... | fighting infection and defending itself from bacteria
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| symptoms of a fever | loss of appetite, headache, hot dry skin, dehydration, flush face, thirst, general malaise(awful feeling BLA!)
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