antibotics part 3
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| widespread emergence of bacterial resistance to tetracycides and macrolides has drivena new class of antibiotics called what? | Streptogrammins
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| why were streptogrammins made | first synthetic antibiotic made to fight bacterial resistance to tetracyclides and macrolides
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| which drug is a streptogrammin | quinuristine-dalfopristine
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| quinupristine-dalfoprisiting is classed as what? | streptogrammin
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| what is important about streptogrammin amongst other drugs that inhiit protein synthesis? | it is rapidly bacteriocidal instead of bacteriostatic
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| which drug to treat vnavomycin resistant infections? | streptogrammin - quinupristine-dalfopristine
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| what does quinupristine-dalfoprisitne treat? | multi-drug resistant gram positive organisms and vnacmycin resistant infections
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| which drug is an oxazolidinone | linezolid (zyvox)
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| what does linezolid treat | drug resistant gram post organismes like MRSA, VRE
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| which durgs are aminoglycocides? | Streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin,
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| describe the davis model | drugs cause bacteria to make faulty proteins leading to damage and eventual bacteria cell death
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| what does aminoglycocides treat? | gram negative enteric bacteria
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| administering aminoglycosides | often given with other drugs ike beta lactams and vanco for sundergistic mechanisms and extended coverage
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| which amino glycosides are used topically? | tobramycin and kanamycin
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| what is tobramycin used for | aminoglycoside inhalation for p. aeruginosa
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| aminoglycoside route | not given orally poor bioavailabilit
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| side effects of aminoglycosides | otto and nephrotoxicity
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| how is resistance made to aminoglycocides? | inactivation of bacterial enzyes, decreased penetration, mutation of 30s ribsomal subunit so aminoglycoside ownt beable to bind to it
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| which drugs inhibit DNA synthesis? | antifolate drugs, DNA gyrase inhibitors
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| which drug is an antifolate drug? | sulfonamides and pyrimidine like trimethroprim
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| why is folate needed | to make purines for nucleic acid
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| how does sulfonamide work | competes with PABA for Dihydopteroate enzyme. looks like PABA
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| what is dihydopteroate used for | to make purines and thus build DNA
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| wy is resistance such a big problem with sulfa? | everyone has had a sulfa drug
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| how does trimethroprim work? | inhibits dihydrofolate reductase in protozoa
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| why do antifolate drugs not affect human cells? | unlike bacteria we do not make our own folat we get ours from dietary intake.
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| how are drugs resistant to sulfa? | over productions of PABA, lower affinity for drug, permeability to drug is decreased
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| which drug is mainstay for UTI infections? | Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
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| adverse effect of sulfanomide | fever, skin rash rarely stevens johnson syndrme, urine precipitates
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| what is important to know baout drugs that affect folate | it also affects rapidly dividing cells adn can cause bonemarrow supression
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| which drug is a pyrimethamine | trimethoprim analog
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| whatother infections can trimethoprim be used for | protozoa infections like leshmaniasis , toxoplasmosis
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| if a woman has had a rash from using bactrim and anaphylaxis with penicillin how else can we treat ehr uti | fluroquinolones
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| how does flouroquinolone work | inhibit DNA gyrase which prevents uncoiling of DNA and thus prevenitng replicaiton and transcription
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| what is DNA gyrase | it is an enzyme that removes the coiling of DNA strands so it an be transcribed and replciated
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| ow are florouquinolones excreted | Renal
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| how are resistnace to fluroquinoloes devlpe? | most common in staph and pseudomonas infections, mutation of DNA gyrase binding site, high cross resistance to all fluroquinolone
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| which drugs are fluroquinolones | ciprofloxacin, levoflocacin, moxifloxacin,
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| adverse effect of fluroquinolones | generally well tolerated, potential for QT elongation esleiall with class 1 and 2 antiarrythmic drugs and worse with hypokalemia
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| should flouroquinolones be given to children? |
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