Chapter 1, 2, 3, 5
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | thoughts & feelings
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| brain | show 🗑
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| show | actions
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| show | people change, are different, & experience things differently (variability)
mind prone to error & illusion
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| show | mind & brain are tuned to the world
modest degree of prediction (causal events)
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| psychology is a product of __________ & __________ | show 🗑
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| show | it measures & predicts thoughts, behaviors, & brain processes
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| animism | show 🗑
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| dualism | show 🗑
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| psychology | show 🗑
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| modified dualism (Descartes) | show 🗑
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| What part of the brain did Descartes believe allow the mind to interact with the body? | show 🗑
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| show | mind product of the brain (no soul)
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| empiricism (Locke) | show 🗑
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| show | behavior influences how characteristics evolve
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| different scientists who tried to understand brain & nervous system (7) | show 🗑
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| Who founded psychology? When? Where? | show 🗑
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| show | components of thought (parts make whole) & introspection (looking at oneself) - not replicable/consistent
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| functionalism (James @ Harvard) | show 🗑
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| show | a lot happened in the unconscious
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| Gestalt psychology (Wertheimer, Kohler, Lewin) | show 🗑
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| show | focused on observables & not mind
fails to take mental processes & evolutionary history into account
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| What are the 2 categories in psychological disciplines/areas? | show 🗑
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| What are the steps of the scientific method? | show 🗑
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| show | educated guess, falsifiable ideas in should/shouldn't format
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| show | explanation of how things work
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| experiment | show 🗑
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| show | specific mental abilities associated with parts of brain
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| hysteria | show 🗑
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| humanistic psychology | show 🗑
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| cognitive psychology | show 🗑
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| show | links psychological processes to nervous system
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| show | understand links b/w cognitive processes & brain activity
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| evolutionary psychology | show 🗑
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| social psychology | show 🗑
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| show | how cultures reflect & shape psychological processes
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| show | culture has little influence on psychology
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| show | phenomena vary & should be viewed in context of specific culture
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| show | independent variables (manipulated)
dependent variables (measured)
control variable (constant)
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| What do experiments help us understand? | show 🗑
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| show | no manipulation
helps to see relationships
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| show | idiosyncratic - specific to an individual
insightful, but not generalizable
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| observational studies | show 🗑
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| 2 important components to research | show 🗑
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| expectancy factors | show 🗑
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| demand characteristics | show 🗑
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| show | participants don't know, but researcher does
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| double-blind studies | show 🗑
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| show | replicability & generalizability
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| show | replicable in other labs & with a wider audience
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| Mozart effect | show 🗑
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| show | informed consent - sign a form
debriefing - tell them everything after
confidentiality
IRB (institutional review board) - approves studies
value - cost/benefit ratio
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| rules of conducting a study | show 🗑
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| show | how well is what you're trying to study measured (most are invalid)
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| types of validity | show 🗑
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| show | replicability
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| show | consensus that exists in a method/tool
used with studies using subjective judgements
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| show | bell curve with concentration near middle
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| descriptive statistics | show 🗑
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| show | evaluate hypotheses using probability
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| types of descriptive statistics | show 🗑
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| show | mean (arithmetic average)
median (middle score)
mode (most popular response)
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| show | extreme values
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| show | when there are 2 extremes & very little people are in the middle
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| show | range & standard deviation
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| types of data plots | show 🗑
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| show | reliable differences
same bar caused by random variation
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| Type I error | show 🗑
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| Type II error | show 🗑
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| rule of parsimony | show 🗑
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| parts of Belmont Report | show 🗑
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| third variable correlation | show 🗑
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| matched samples technique | show 🗑
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| show | participant identical to one other in terms of a third variable
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| show | soma, nucleus, axon, dendrites, myelin sheath, nodes of ravier
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| axon | show 🗑
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| dendrites | show 🗑
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| show | facilitates & increases speed of info transfer
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| nodes of ranvier | show 🗑
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| types of myelin | show 🗑
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| show | afferent (sensory) - periphery to CNS
efferent (motor) - CNS to periphery
interneurons - shuffling info to help mind think
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| show | helps maintains neurons
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| show | -provide nutrients
-clean up waste
-hold neurons in place
-insulate neurons
-remove dead neurons
-create myelin
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| neural transmission | show 🗑
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| What's the resting potential of a neuron? | show 🗑
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| What happens to the electrical charge of a neuron during the action potential? | show 🗑
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| show | all or none - either they fire or they don't
randomly fires
more impulse = more firing
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| 2 important components of neural coding | show 🗑
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| What two ions play a role in neural firing? | show 🗑
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| show | negative
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| show | Na ions flow in
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| show | K ions flow out & Na gates close
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| What happens during hyperpolarization/refractory period? | show 🗑
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| What happens in between synapses? | show 🗑
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| What are the two types of neurons involved in neural firing? | show 🗑
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| show | -excitatory
-binds to NMDA & AMPA receptors
-deactivated by alcohol
-sensory neurons involved with learning
-precursor for GABA
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| show | -inhibitory
-anxiety regulation & learning
-stimulated by alcohol, barbituates, benzodiazapine
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| show | accentuate/diminish neurotransmitters
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| show | agonist & antagonist
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| endorphins | show 🗑
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| show | repress neurotransmitter release
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| show | reuptake with autoreceptors
enzymatic deactivation/neutralization
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| Prozac | show 🗑
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| how does learning occur? | show 🗑
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| two parts of the nervous system | show 🗑
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| show | autonomic (4F's) & somatic (voluntary)
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| show | sympathetic (dynamic) & parasympathetic (relaxed)
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| two parts of CNS | show 🗑
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| three parts of the brain | show 🗑
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| how is the CNS protected? | show 🗑
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| how does the brain get its nutrients from the bloodstream? | show 🗑
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| what is the spinal cord responsible for? | show 🗑
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| list 3 parts of brain from oldest to newest | show 🗑
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| show | myelencephalon, metencephalon
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| 2 parts of myelencephalon | show 🗑
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| 3 parts of metencephalon | show 🗑
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| 2 parts of midbrain/mesencephalon | show 🗑
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| show | motor & metabolic processes
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| show | post-mortem activation
CT scans (X-ray)
MRI (H2O molecules resonate, clearer)
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| what are 4 electrical measures? | show 🗑
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| show | structural imaging allows you to see density of brain & functional imaging allows you to see brain activity
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| show | PET (radioisotopes in blood)
fMRI (oxygen molecules examined)
NIRS (refraction patterns on scalp)
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| show | usually more than one part is affected
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| 2 parts of forebrain | show 🗑
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| 2 parts of diencephalon | show 🗑
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| show | basal ganglia (striatum, large conscious muscle movement, motor learning)
hippocampus (temporary memory creation & integration, conscious learning)
amygdala (emotional processes, sense of smell tying experiences together, fear)
cerebral cortex
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| 3 parts of limbic system | show 🗑
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| show | -study of the mind
-bumps & depressions on skull represent different functions
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| 4 lobes of the cortex | show 🗑
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| how many lobes do you have total? | show 🗑
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| show | damaged frontal lobe led to different emotions & behavior
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| show | parts dedicated with respect to how sensitive they are
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| show | parts dedicated with respect to how much you need to control it
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| mirror neurons (near motor/sensory homunculi) | show 🗑
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| show | TV, sports (stimulating own experiences)
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| example of how primary motor cortex is associated with paralysis | show 🗑
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| show | Broca's (language production)
Wernicke's (language comprehension)
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| Broca's aphasia | show 🗑
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| show | trouble understanding others & themselves, talk a lot
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| show | contralateral except for sense of smell
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| what is the left hemisphere better at (3) | show 🗑
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| what is the right hemisphere better at (2) | show 🗑
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| how do hemispheres exchange information | show 🗑
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| how does contralateralization work with the visual field? | show 🗑
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| show | K ions flow in and out
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| order of stages of neural firing | show 🗑
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| salitory conduction | show 🗑
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| acetylcholine | show 🗑
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| lack of acetylcholine | show 🗑
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| dopamine | show 🗑
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| show | Parkinson's
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| show | schizophrenia
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| norepinephrine | show 🗑
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| show | -inhibitory
-regulation of sleep, eating, aggression
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| show | agonist & antagonist for dopamine
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| show | -agonist
-stimulates release of norepinephrine & dopamine
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| show | -antagonist
-blocks norepinephrine
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| show | hormone-producing system
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Created by:
Tiffanyy
Popular Psychology sets