immune pt 1
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| describe the first line of defense | Skin, mucous membranes
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| why are cigarette smokers and pts wth URTI more susceptible to lower rti? | Paralyzes cilia, damaging, increases tissue inflammation which increases permebility
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| what is the second line of defense? | phagocytic wbs Neutrphil, inflmaamation, fever, natural killer cells
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| what are some advantages of inflmaation | it increases blood flow, increases permeability and allows neutraphils to squeeze through walls
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| how does a fever work? | it inativated bacterial toxins which are proteins nad increases metabolism
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| what are the thrid line of defense? | specialized lymphocytes T and B cells, and antibodies or immunoglobins
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| what is another name fo antibody? | immunoglobin
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| what is the pro and con of 3rd line of defense? | its harcore and powerful but it takes time to mount the response
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| which lines of defense are specific and which are non? | first 2 are non specific third line is specific
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| desribe qualities of innate immunity | rapid,nonspecfic, similar respnse to each eposure, defense is skin barrier mucous mmbrane, phagoctes inflammation fever, phagocytes like macrophages and neutrophils NK cells and dendritic cells
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| describe adaptive immunity | slower- days to weeks, cell for each unique antigen has immunologic mmory for more rapid and effective killing with next exposure, direct cell killing and tagging of antigen by antibody. T and B cells
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| what is defiend as a foreing substance? | antigen
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| describe the qualities of an antigen | large, complex macromolecules which makes the immune system better to recognize it
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| what is an epitope | the immune system doest recognize the whole bacteria as an antign but part of the bacteria is really the antigen that triggers the immune response recognizes certain proteins
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| what is a hapten? | is a small molecule that when it attaches to a protein becomes a large macromolecule ex is PNC which is very small but once it enters the body and binds to proteins becomes large macromolecule
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| what is MHC1? | proteins on the surface of all nucleated cells except immune cells that differnetiates your cells from foreingers. self from nonself
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| describe MHC1 upongs family an non family | twins have similar MHC1 so it woud be best to get transplant form twin. the closer the family meber the more similar the Mhc, biological children get a mxture of both
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| what happens when your MHC1 changes? | can be changed due ot infectionthis alerts immune system that there is an abnormal cell and an immune response starts
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| describes what happens when a normla cell is infected by virus | the infected cell takes the viruses epitope adn reflects it on its MHC1 this changes the MHC1 and mounts an immune response
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| which part of immunity is dendritic cells? | innate and adaptive
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| why are cytokines important | helps communicate to each cell and initiate response is dependant on relese of cytokines
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| primary cytokine that protect host against viral infections | interferons
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| what are tumor necrosis factor? | most important mediater of inflammation, mady by macrophages also a fever producer or endogenous pyogen
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| what is the major effector component of innate immunity? | epithlial cells, neutrophils and marophags, NK cells, compliment system
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| humoral responses are mediated by what? | c cells
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| which cells are part of innate immunity | macrophage, dendritic cells, NK, neutrophils, intraepithelial lymphocytes
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| AGRANULOCYTES OF INNATE IMMUNITY | monocytes and macrophge
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| where are dendritic cells found | rare cells found to tissues exposed to environment like GI and resp system
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| what are osponins | molecules that coat cell membranes and enhance redcognition and binding. the process of coating ios called osponization
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