the biology of behavior
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| biological psychology | the scientific study of the links between biological and psychological processes.
🗑
|
||||
| neuron | a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system.
🗑
|
||||
| dendrites | a neurons bushy, branching extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body.
🗑
|
||||
| axon | the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or muscles or glands.
🗑
|
||||
| myelin sheath | a fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons of some neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one node to the next.
🗑
|
||||
| glial cells | cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons; they may also play a role in learning and thinking.
🗑
|
||||
| action potential | a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.
🗑
|
||||
| threshold | the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.
🗑
|
||||
| synapes | the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron.
🗑
|
||||
| Gap between dendrite and neuron | synaptic gap
🗑
|
||||
| neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons.
🗑
|
||||
| acetylcholine | best understood neurotransmitter which plays a role in learning and memory.
🗑
|
||||
| endorphins | natural opiate like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure
🗑
|
||||
| nervous system | the bodys speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems
🗑
|
||||
| central nervous system | the brain and spinal cord
🗑
|
||||
| peripheral nervous system | the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
🗑
|
||||
| nerves | bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands and sense organs
🗑
|
||||
| sensory(afferent) neurons | neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
🗑
|
||||
| motor(efferent) neurons | neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands.
🗑
|
||||
| interneurons | neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs.
🗑
|
||||
| Plato | believed that the mind was placed in the brain
🗑
|
||||
| Aristotle | Platos student who believed that the mind was located in the heart.
🗑
|
||||
| glia | play essential role in our body.
🗑
|
||||
| placisity | new neurons grow even in adulthood and old neurons adjust to new information
🗑
|
||||
| serotonin pathways | involved with mood regulation
🗑
|
||||
| reuptake | recycling neurotransmitters--after NTs. stimulate the receptors on receiving neuron, the chemicals are taken back up into the sending neuron to be reused.
🗑
|
||||
| somatic nervous system | enables voluntary control of our skeletal muscles
🗑
|
||||
| autonomic nervous systems | controls our glands and muscles of our internal organs, influencing functions such as heartbeat, glandular activity and digestions
🗑
|
||||
| sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight) | arouses and expends energy. (accelerate heartbeat raise blood pressure, and slow digestions)
🗑
|
||||
| parasympathetic nervous system (rest and digest) | calms body and slows heartbeat and lower blood sugar and so forth.
🗑
|
||||
| endocrine system | the chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into bloodstream
🗑
|
||||
| hormones | chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues
🗑
|
||||
| adrenal glands | a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones(epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in the time of stress
🗑
|
||||
| pituitary glands | the endocrine systems most influential gland. regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.
🗑
|
||||
| brainstem | the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull, is responsible for automatic survival functions
🗑
|
||||
| medulla | the base of the brains stem; controls heartbeat and breathing
🗑
|
||||
| thalamus | the brains sensory router located on top of the brainstem it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
🗑
|
||||
| reticular formation | a nerve network that travels through the brainstem and plays an important role in controlling arousal.
🗑
|
||||
| limbic system | the neural system sits between the brains older parts and its cerebral hemispheres. this systems hypothalmus controls the pituitary gland
🗑
|
||||
| carebellum | processes sensory input, cordinates movement output and balance, and enables nonverbal learning and memory
🗑
|
||||
| amygdala | two lima bean sized neiral clusters in the limbic system linked to emotion
🗑
|
||||
| hypothalamus | keeps the body internal environment in a steady state. link emotions and rewards
🗑
|
||||
| multiplescolorisis | disease due to thinning of the myelin sheath
🗑
|
||||
| motor cortex | sends messages
🗑
|
||||
| sensory cortex | receives messages
🗑
|
||||
| parital lobe | math and spacial reasoning
🗑
|
||||
| plasticity | ability to modify for a piece of the body that gets injured. especially strong for deaf and blind people
🗑
|
||||
| Left brain | controls language
🗑
|
||||
| right brain | controls hearing- clarifying speech and self awareness
🗑
|
||||
| reticular formation | allows to wake up - located between ears
🗑
|
||||
| cerebellum | "little brain" controls learning and emotion
🗑
|
||||
| limbic system | below cerebral hemisphere
🗑
|
||||
| amygdala | linked to emotion
🗑
|
||||
| hippocampus | conscious memories
🗑
|
||||
| hypthalamus | bodily maintenence
🗑
|
||||
| cerebral cortex | most recently evolved part of brain makes 85% of brains mass,thin layer of interconnected neural cells, stretched out like pizza
🗑
|
||||
| frontal lobe | behind forehead - speech and muscle movement
🗑
|
||||
| parietal | top of head - receive touch and body
🗑
|
||||
| occipital | back of head - visual
🗑
|
||||
| temporal | side of head - auditory
🗑
|
||||
| hypnosis | can work, beneficial to health, works for open minded and people who have a good imagination
🗑
|
||||
| consciousness | awareness of ourselves and our environment
🗑
|
||||
| conscious "high" track | mind takes deliberate action
🗑
|
||||
| conscious "low" track | perform automatic actions - often with out being aware
🗑
|
||||
| selective inattention | miss something because your attention away focused on something else
🗑
|
||||
| selective attention | focusing on what we notice
🗑
|
||||
| cocktail party affect | being able to focus on one conversation while other conversations are going on around you.
🗑
|
||||
| change blindness | if attention is diverted else where "change" or "Switch" in detail is unnoticed - often miss large change in our environment
🗑
|
||||
| circadian rhythm | bodies natural 24 hr cycle roughly match to the day/night cycle of light and dark
🗑
|
||||
| circadian rhythm affects | hard to shift(jet lag) can also be affected by light, which suppresses the relaxing hormone melatonin
🗑
|
||||
| benefits of sleeep | restores and repairs our brain, strenghthens memories, and facilitates creative problem solving
🗑
|
||||
| what hormone is active while we sleep | growth hormone
🗑
|
||||
| psychoactive drug | chemical substance altering perceptions and moods
🗑
|
||||
| tolerance | with repeat usage, can achieve desired effects requiring larger doses
🗑
|
||||
| addiction | compulsive drug crave and usage despite bad effects
🗑
|
||||
| withdrawel | discomfort/distress that follows discontinueing usage of an addictive drug
🗑
|
||||
| physical dependance | physiological need for a drug
🗑
|
||||
| depressant | drugs that reduce neural activity and slows down body functions
🗑
|
||||
| alcohol dependence | alcoholism
🗑
|
||||
| opiates | opium and its derivaties; suppresses neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
🗑
|
||||
| amphetamine | super addictive drug that stimulates central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
🗑
|
||||
| ectasy(MDMA) | synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen, produces euphoric and social intimacy
🗑
|
||||
| LSD | powerful hallucinogenic drug also known as acid
🗑
|
||||
| Marijuana | takes 7 seconds for this drug to get to the brain
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
hunny518
Popular Psychology sets