USIDMS Kidney/Urinary tract
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| What is the outer layer of the kidney that contains the functioning units called nephrons? | Kidney cortex
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| What is the inner portion of the kidney that contain the renal pyramids of equal size and shape? | Kidney medulla
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| What is between each pyramid? | Column of Bertin
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| Area where renal artery enters and renal vein/ureter exit the kidney? | Renal hilum
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| Area where ureteral openings and urethral exit on inferior portion of bladder? | Trigone Area
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| Which renal artery is longer and posterior to IVC? | Right renal artery
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| Which renal vein is longer? | Left renal vein
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| 4 functions of the kidneys | 1. Remove metabolic waste from blood
2. Produce and excrete urine
3. Maintain salt and water homeostasis
4. Regulate blood volume, acid/base volume, and electrolyte concentration
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| 4 Protective mechanisms | 1. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
2. Aldosterone Hormone
3. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
4. Erythropoietin Hormone
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| Explain Renal Perfusion | Aorta>Renal artery>Interlobar arteries> Arcuate arteries>Interlobular arteries>Afferent arterioles>Glomerulus of nephron
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| 3 processes of urine formation | 1. Glomerular filtration
2. Tubular reabsorption
3. Tubular secretion
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| What is the most common renal mass? | Simple renal cyst
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| Cyst in renal sinus that doesn't connect with collecting system? | Parapelvic cyst
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| Name 3 Congenital renal cystic diseases | 1.Infantile autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
2.Adult polycystic kidney disease
3.Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease
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| What is intratubular calcification of collecting ducts in medullary pyramids that causes stone formation, hematuria, infection? | Medullary Sponge Kidney
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| Most common solid renal tumor in children? AKA? | Wilm's tumor (nephroblastoma)
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| Most common malignant renal tumor that originates in the renal cortex? | Renal cell carcinoma
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| Most common benign renal tumor that is composed of fat, blood vessels and smooth muscle. Typically hyperechoic on US? | Angiomyolipoma/renal hamartoma
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| Infection of the kidney is known as? | Pyelonephritis
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| What is the most common medical renal disease to produce acute renal failure? | Acute tubular necrosis
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