Anatomy Chapter 7

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Answer

The three types of muscle tissue are:

Smooth, Skeletal, & Cardiac

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That point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts is the:

Origin

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Each skeletal muscle is filled with two kinds of myofilaments called

Myosin & Actin

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The contractile unit of a muscle cell is the

sarcomere

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The term __________ is used to describe a muscle that directly performs a particular movement.

Prime Mover

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An explanation of how a skeletal muscle contracts is the

sliding filament theory.

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If a muscle is stimulated repeatedly without adequate rest, the strength of the contraction decreases, resulting in

Fatigue

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The minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract is called the

threshold stimulus.

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A contraction in which muscle length remains the same but muscle tension increases is called a(n)

isometric contraction.

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Exercise may cause an increase in muscle size called

hypertrophy.

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Hypertrophy can be enhanced by

Strength Training

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The orbicularis oris muscle can be found in the

Face

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The external and internal oblique muscles can be found in the

Trunk

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The muscle that flexes the elbow is the

biceps brachii.

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Because this muscle is responsible for delivering blows during fights, it is often called the boxer’s muscle.

triceps brachii

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The movement that makes the angle between two bones at their joint smaller than it was at the beginning of the movement is called

Flexion

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Movement around a longitudinal axis is

Rotation

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The nervous system is divided into which two principal divisions?

peripheral and central

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The part of a neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body is the

Axon

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Cells that conduct the impulses are called

Neurons

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The white, fatty substance that surrounds an axon is called

Mylin

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A signal conduction route to and from the central nervous system is a(n)

Reflex Arc

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Bundles of myelinated fibers make up the

white matter of the nervous system

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These chemicals allow neurons to communicate with each other.

Neurotransmitters

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The action potential seems to “jump” from node to node along a myelinated fiber. This type of impulse regeneration is called

saltatory conduction

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The inner protective covering of the brain is the

meninges.

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The three divisions of the brain that make up the brainstem are

medulla oblongata, midbrain, and pons.

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The second-largest part of the brain, located just below the posterior portion of the cerebrum, is the

cerebellum.

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Nerves that originate from the brain are called

cranial nerves

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How many pairs of spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord?

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Spinal cord tracts provide conduction paths to and from the brain. The tracts that conduct sensory impulses down the cord from the brain are called

Desending Tracts

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The large fluid-filled spaces within the brain are called the

Ventricles

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Formation of the cerebrospinal fluid occurs in the

choroid plexus.

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The limbic system integrates

Emotions

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Skin surface area supplied by a single spinal nerve is called a

dermatome

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A subdivision of the nervous system that regulates involuntary functions is the

autonomic nervous system.

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The autonomic nervous system can be divided into the

parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions.

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The effect of sympathetic stimulation on the blood vessels in skeletal muscles is

dilation.

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This cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell.

Olfactory

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Axon terminals of autonomic neurons release either of two neurotransmitters.

norepinephrine and acetylcholine

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Acetylcholine binds to

cholinergic receptors.

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The sense organs are classified as

General & Special

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The innermost coat of the eyeball is the

Retina

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Specialized receptors found near the point of junction between tendons and muscles are called

proprioceptors.

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The Pacinian corpuscle senses

pressure.

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Cones are densely concentrated in the

fovea centralis.

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The substance that fills the chamber of the anterior cavity of the eye is

the aqueous humor.

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As people grow older, they tend to become farsighted. This condition is called

hyperopia.

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This type of receptor is found only in the eye.

photoreceptor

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The ear is divided into three anatomical parts.

external ear, middle ear, inner ear

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The tiny bones found in the middle ear are the

ossicles

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The sense organs involved in the sense of balance are found in the vestibule and the

semicircular canals

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The sense organs of taste are the

Taste Buds

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Gustatory cells are found in the

Mouth

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