Health Promotion of the Infant and Family
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| infants gain ? weekly | 150 to 210g (5-7oz) weekly until 5-6 months, when the birth weight doubles; by 1st yr, the infant's weight triples
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| height increases by ? a month | 2.5cm (1 inch) a month during the first 6 months and slows during the second 6 months
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| head growth increase? | during the 1st 6 months, head cicumference increases 1.5cm (0.6in) per months, but the growth declines to only 0.5cm (0.2in) monthly during the second 6 months
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| vernix caseosa | a white oily substance that coats term infants' bodies and is often found in abundance in creases of axilla and groin, has innate immunologic properties that serve to protect newborns from infection
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| thermoregulation | during infancy, the ability of the skin to contract and of muscles to shiver in response to cold increases
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| thermogenesis | shivering causes the muscles and muscle fibers to contract, generating metabolic heat, which is distributed throughout the body
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| binocularity | the fixation of two ocular images into one cerebral picture
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| prehension | grasp; occurs during the first 2 to 3 months as a reflex & gradually becomes voluntary; @ 1 mos, hands are closed; @ 3 mos, theyre mostly open; by 5 mos, theyre able to voluntarily grasp objects; by 7 mos, theyre able to transfer objects to each hand
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| palmar grasp | using whole hand
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| pincer grasp | using thumb and index finger; by 8-10 mos, infants use a crude grasp; by 11 mos, they have a neat grasp
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| head control is well established | 4 to 6 months; @ 5 months, head lag has diminished
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| ability to roll from abdomen to back | occurs around 5 months; ability to turn from back to abdomen is at 6 months
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| parachute reflex appears | a protective response to falling occurs around 7 months
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| infants can sit w/o support | at 8 months; by 10 months, they can maneuver from prone to a sitting position
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| crawling | propelling forward w/ the belly on the floor
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| creeping | on hands and knees w/ belly off the floor by 9 months
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| can walk while holding on to furniture | by 11 mos and by 1 yr they should be able to walk w/ one hand held
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| Erikson's phase 1 | birth to 1 yr; is concerned w/ acquiring a sense of trust while overcoming a sense of mistrust
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| delayed gratification | failure for infants to learn this leads to mistrust
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| narcissism | total concern w/ oneself is at its height around 3 to 4 months
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| sensorimotor phase (Piaget) 1st crucial event | involves separation in which infants learn to separate themselves from objects in the environment
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| sensorimotor phase (Piaget) 2nd crucial event | achieving the concept of object permanence, or the realization that objects leave the visual field still exist; this skill develops at 9 months
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| sensorimotor phase (Piaget) 3rd crucial event | the use of symbols or mental representation; allows infants to think of an object or situation w/o actually experiencing it
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| sensorimotor phase (Piaget) 1st stage | from birth to 1 month, is identified as use of reflexes; infants' individuality and temperament is expressed through the physiological reflexes like sucking, rooting, grasping, and crying
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| sensorimotor phase (Piaget) 2nd stage | primary circular reactions; marks the beginning of the replacement of reflexive behavior w/ voluntary acts; during the period of 1 to 4 months, reflexive behavior deliberate
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| sensorimotor phase (Piaget) 3rd stage | secondary circular reactions is a continuation of primary circular reactions and lasts until 8 months
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| sensorimotor phase (Piaget) 4th stage | coordination of secondary schemas and their application to new situation, infants use previous behavioral achievements primarily as the foundation for adding new intellectual skills to their expanding repertoire
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| attachment | to parents is evident during the second half of the 1st year
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| Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) | a psychological and developmental problem that stems from maladaptive or absent attachment between the infant and parent may persist into childhood and even adulthood
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| fear of strangers | between 6 and 8 months
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| infants vocalize as early as | 5 to 6 weeks by making small throaty sounds
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| imitate sounds | by 8 months, they are saying words like dada but dont associate any meaning to it until 10-11 months
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| comprehend the word "no" | by 9 to 10 months and obey simple commands
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| can say 3 to 5 words w/ meaning | by age 1 year
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| solitary | type of play infants engage in
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| Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire (RITA) | used as a screening tool w/ parents; the questionnaire focuses on nine temperament variables, but the 95 questions relate specifically to activities such as sleep, feeding, play, diapering, and dressing
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| in-home care | may consists of a full-time babysitter who lives in the home, a full-time babysitter who comes to the home, cooperative arrangements such as exchange babysitting, or a family babysitter
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| small family child care home | typically provides care and protection for up to six children for part of a 24 hr day and does not include arrangements such as exchange babysitting or caregivers in the childs own home
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| large family child care homes | may provide care for eight to 12 children; unfortunately, many family daycare homes operate w/o a license and may care for large numbers of infants w/o adequate staff and facilities
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| child center-based care | usually refers to a licensed daycare facility that provides care for six or more children for 6 hours or more in a 24 hr day
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| work-based group care | another option that is becoming increasingly popular as employers recognize the benefit of providing high-quality and convenient child care to their employees
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| sick-child care | may also be available for times when children are ill
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| thumb sucking reaches it's peak | at age 18 to 20 months and is most prevalent when children are hungry, tired, or feeling insecure
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| a quick guide to assessment of deciduous teeth during the first 2 years | age of child in months - 6= number of teeth
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| eat solid foods | age 4 to 12 months
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| eat cereal | age 4 to 6 months
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| eat fruits and vegetables | start 6 to 8 months
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| eat meat, fish, and poultry | start 8 to 10 months
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| eat eggs and cheese | start at 12 months
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