Genetics
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| heredity | passing on of traits from an organism to its offspring
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| chromosomes | hold the genes that pass on the traits, Homo sapiens have 46
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| genes | basic units of heredity- called genotype- represented by letters. Also called alleles
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| trait- or - phenotype | the characteristic the genes gave you
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| probability | the likelihood that an event will occur- percent out of 100%
Use a punnett square to figure the percentage.
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| karyotype | a picture of your chromosomes all lined up from the smallest to the largest size and the last pair are your sex chromosomes
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| Nitrogen bases or nucleotides in DNA | Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, A-T, C-G
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| Replication | when the DNA forms a twin of itself as it unzips and new nitrogen bases attach to the existing nitrogen base of A, T, C, G
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| Purebred-Homozygous | the alleles, (strength of the gene), are the same, example= BB or bb
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| Hybrid-Heterozygous | the alleles are different, example= Bb
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| Dominant | stronger trait in genetics, will 'hide' or 'mask' a recessive trait
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| Recessive | weaker trait in genetics
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| Incomplete dominance | genes for the same trait that are different but equal in strength, example= RW, rq, the result phenotype will be a blend of the two.
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| Mitosis | in asexual reproduction, when a cell duplicates its nuclei, and both nuclei have exactly the same information.
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| meiosis | when a cell produces a sex cell which has only Half the information as the parent cell.
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| Gregor Mendel | Father of Genetics- Austrian monk who grew pea plants and discovered dominant and recessive traits.
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| Punnett Square | A chart showing possible gene combinations in a cross between two organisms genes. Use it to figure the probability of the babies traits.
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| Mutation | A change in a gene or chromosome. Can happen naturally or from exposure to toxic matter.
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| Double Helix | Shape of the DNA
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| James Watson and Francis Crick | Won a Nobel Peace Prize for discovering the shape of DNA
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| Rosalind Franklin | Used X-Ray diffraction to take a 'picture' of DNA
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| Nucleotide | Has 3 parts: Phosphate, Deoxyribose,(sugar), Nucleic Base of either a A, T, C , G
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| sex cells made by meiosis | sperm and eggs
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| clone | any organism whose genetic information is identical to that of a parent organism from which it was created
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Created by:
bdepalo
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