9th grade Austin Biology
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| Explain the key concepts and influences of Darwin’s theory of evolution. Include his voyage, book, natural selection |
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| Describe different structural adaptations among the finches that Darwin found on the Galapagos Islands. |
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| List & give a brief explanation of the scientists that influenced Darwin |
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| Explain speciation and the factors that influence it. |
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| Discuss radioactive dating and the importance of the fossil record |
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| Compare and contrast natural selection with artificial selection |
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| List the 5 factors of a Hardy-Weinburg population |
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| gene pool |
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| directional selection |
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| disruptive selection |
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| relative frequency |
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| evolution |
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| homologous structure |
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| stabilizing selection |
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| genetic drift |
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| genetic equilibrium |
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| taxon |
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| vestigial structure |
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| temporal isolation |
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| geographic isolation |
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| behavioral isolation |
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| Name the 7 levels of classification from largest to smallest. |
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| Explain binomial nomenclature. Include the rules and examples of scientific names. |
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| Identify the 6 kingdoms, include characteristics and examples of organisms for each. |
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| Why do we need a classification system? |
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| What 2 current kingdoms made up Kingdom Monera? How do they differ? |
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| List the 3 domains and explain each. |
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| What does a cladistic analysis show about an organism? What are derived characters? |
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| Chapters 19-21 |
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| Describe binary fission and conjugation. |
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| Draw and label the lytic and lysogenic cycles. |
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| Draw and label the different shapes and arrangements of bacteria. |
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| List and define the parts that make up the structure of viruses. |
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| Why can viruses only infect certain cells? |
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| Draw the shape of the cell that this virus would infect. |
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| What are bacteriophages? |
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| What adaptation would having flagella provide for a bacteria cell? |
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| How are bacteria harmful to humans? Helpful to humans? |
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| How can bacterial diseases be treated? Viral diseases? |
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| List 3 diseases that are caused by bacteria and 3 that are caused by a virus. |
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| How do photoautotrophs obtain food? Chemoautotrophs? |
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| List the 3 groups of protists and describe how each group obtains food. |
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| What are some products that we get from algae? Why are algae considered to be one of the most important groups of organisms on the planet? |
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| What is a red tide? What organism is responsible? |
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| What disease does Entamoeba cause? Which group of protists does it belong to? |
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| What organelle stores food in the amoeba? What organelle helps it to move? |
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| What organelle in the Paramecium prevents the accumulation of excess water? Draw what the structure looks like. |
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| What do Fungi feed on? Describe how they digest their food. |
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| What is fungal sporulation? |
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| How do fungi resemble plants? |
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| prophage |
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| bacteriophage |
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| host cell |
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| phytoplankton |
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| toxin |
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| prion |
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| zooplankton |
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| viroid |
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| vaccine |
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| mycelium |
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| obligate aerobe |
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| facultative anaerobe |
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| rhizoid |
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| Illustrate and describe the different types of symmetry and give examples of organisms that exhibit each type. |
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| invertebrate |
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| cephalization |
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| endoskeleton |
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| exoskeleton |
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| ectotherm |
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| endotherm |
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| vertebrate |
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| notochord |
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| How is gas exchange important to plants? |
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| Trace the evolution of plants. |
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| List the similarities and differences between vascular plants and nonvascular plants. |
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| How do seed-bearing plants differ from all other plants? |
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| Describe annuals, biennials, and perennials. |
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| List the characteristics of plants. |
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| List the characteristics of bryophytes. |
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| Compare and contrast gymnosperms and angiosperms. Also describe the 2 classes of angiosperms and give examples of all. |
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| Draw and label the structure of a flower. |
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| What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? |
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| List some factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis. |
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| Explain why plants are green. |
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| Draw and label the structure of a leaf. |
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| xylem |
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| seed coat |
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| cone |
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| phloem |
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| fruit |
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| ovary |
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| mesophyll |
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| seed |
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| stoma/stomata |
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| guard cell |
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| List some examples of abiotic and biotic factors. |
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| Limiting factors , what are they and what are some examples?? |
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| Energy pyramids……. |
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| How much energy is transferred b/t trophic levels? |
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| Which trophic level is receiving the most energy between them, 1st to 2nd?, 2nd to 3rd?, 3rd to 4th? |
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| Label a pyramid with following, carnivores, herbivores, producers |
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| What happens to the amount of stored energy as you go up a food chain? |
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| Food chains/food webs…… You will need to know how to read one. What do the arrows mean? |
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| Explain the 2 types of succession? |
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| Explain each of the different types of consumers (herbivore, carnivore, decomposer/detritivore, scavenger, etc) |
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| Biogeochemical cycles – how is flow of matter different from flow of energy? |
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| Symbiotic relationships – list types and describe each. |
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| What is carrying capacity – type of growth when population is at or below carrying capacity; type of growth when population is above carrying capacity? |
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| Biological magnification – which organisms in a food chain have the highest levels of a toxin? |
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| Describe the two types of population growth, characteristics of each, shape of graph that each makes. |
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| What are Density –dependent and density-independent limiting factors? Give 2 examples of each? |
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| Describe a saprobe. What types of organisms can they be? |
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| Write down the 11 systems while you are reviewing them. Don’t forget to include their functions, and organs within each system on pages 892-893. List the 11 systems here and list a few of the organs associated with each system. |
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| Explain the importance of homeostasis in the human body. |
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| Draw and label a neuron. Explain how it works. What system(s) is the neuron in? |
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| Describe the divisions of the PNS. |
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| Discuss the axial skeleton –vs- the appendicular skeleton. |
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| Name and give an example of the 4 freely moveable joints. |
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| List and explain the 3 types of muscles. |
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| Explain how a muscle moves and contracts. |
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| In addition to myosin, what other protein is involved in a muscle contraction? |
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| What are the 3 layers of the skin? What can be found in each layer? |
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| List the path of blood flow through the heart (include the lungs). |
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| Compare and contrast WBC and RBC. |
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| What are the smallest blood vessels? |
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| Which system collects fluid that is lost from the blood and returns it back to the circulatory system? |
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| What does it mean if your lymph nodes become swollen? |
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| List the path that air takes in the respiratory system. |
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| Why are having anaerobic bacteria in your large intestine a necessity? |
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| Which structure serves as a passageway for both air and food? |
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| List all of the functions of the pancreas. |
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| Which structure in the digestive system extracts the water from digested food? |
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| What macromolecule provides the body with its main source of energy? List all of the functions of proteins. |
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| Explain how enzymes work. |
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| The process by which organ systems maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called |
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| Explain the importance of dialysis. |
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| Draw and label the excretory system. Include the order in which urine flows. |
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| How does the endocrine system help to maintain homeostasis? |
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| List the glands that make up the endocrine system. |
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| List the specific defenses and nonspecific defenses of the body. |
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| Explain an inflammatory response that happens in the body. |
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| Humoral immunity is carried out by what type of cells? |
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| What is asthma? What causes it? |
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| Describe what an autoimmune disease is. List some examples. |
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| How does HIV weaken the immune system? |
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| What are the monomers of the 4 types of macromolecules? |
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| Describe the maximum antibody level of a person’s body after a flu. |
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| ligament |
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| endocrine gland |
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| exocrine gland |
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| tendon |
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| hemoglobin |
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| passive immunity |
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| keratin |
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| active immunity |
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| antibody |
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| melanin |
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| antigen |
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| vein |
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| artery |
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| mechanical digestion |
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| amylase |
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| chemical digestion |
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| peristalsis |
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| nephron |
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| What is the function of the pseudopodium of the amoeba? |
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| Why is the Euglena considered plant like protist even though it has a Flagellum that it can use to move? |
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| An endoskeleton is a |
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| The main difference between ectotherms and endotherms is |
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| Cephalization refers to the |
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