Peds Respiratory
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| Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | Sudden death of an infant younger than 1 year of age that remains unexplained after a complete postmortem examination, including an investigation of the death scene and a review of the case history.
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| Apnea | cessation of breathing for 20 seconds
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| Apparent life threatening event (ALTE) | event that is sudden and frightening to the observer; the infant exhibits a combination of apnea, change in color, change in muscle tone, choking, gagging, or coughing, and which usually involves a significant intervention
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| Parents' last moments with the SIDS child | Allow them to say good-bye in an environment as quite, meaningful, peaceful, and undisturbed as possible
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| Home apnea monitor | Continuous recording of cardiorespiratory patterns. Then cannot predict or prevent SIDS deaths. They can alert the caregiver to ALTE in time to intervene.
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| Asthma | chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells (mast cells, eosinophils, and T lymphocytes) play a role.
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| Asthma | the most common chronic disease of childhood
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| Asthma pathophysiology | Inflammation contributes to heightened airway reactivity. Bronchospasm and bronchial constriction. Obstruction from inflammation, airway edema, mucus accumulation, and bronchspasm
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| Asthma clinical manifestations | dyspnea, wheezing, coughing (in the absence of resp. infection), chest tightness, restless/irritable, tripod sitting position, hyperresonance on percussion.
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| pulmonary function tests (PFTs) | objective method of evaluating the presence and degree of lung disease and the response to therapy.
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| Preventative asthma medications | Long-term control medications to achieve and maintain control of inflammation. Inhaled corticosteroids, cromolyn sodium, long-acting B2-agonists, methylxanthines, and leukotriene modifiers
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| Rescue asthma medications | Quik-relief medications treat symptoms and exacerbations. Short-acting B2-agonists, anticholinergics, and systemic corticosteroids.
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| Corticosteroids | antiinflammatory drugs used to treat reversible airflow obstruction and control symptoms and reduce bronchial hyperresponsiveness in chronic asthma
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| cromolyn sodium | non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug that stabilizes mast cell membranes; inhibits activation and release of mediators form eosinophil and epithelial cells; inhibits the acute airway narrowing after exposure to exercise, cold dry air, and sulfur dioxide.
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| anticholinergics (atropine & ipratropium) | help relieve bronchospasm. Side effects include drying resp. secretions,blurred vision, and cardiac and CNS stimulation
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| Magnesium sulfate | a potent muscle relaxant that acts to decrease inflammation and improves pulmonary function and peak flow rate.
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| status asthmaticus | Asthma symptoms and respiratory distress despite vigorous therapeutic measures. A medical emergency that can result in respiratory failure and death.
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| peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) | measures the maximum flow of air that can be forcefully exhaled in 1 second
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| Cystic fibrosis | a condition characterized by exocrine gland dysfunction that produces multisystem involvement
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| cystic fibrosis | the most common lethal genetic illness among Caucasian children, adolescents, and young adults.
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| cystic fibrosis | Inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The mutated gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 7.
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| CFTR protein | involved in the regulation of chloride and sodium channels at the surface of epithelial cells
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| CF clinical features | increased viscosity o fmucous gland secretions, a striking elevation of sweat electrolytes, an increase in several organic and enzymatic constituents of saliva, and abnormalities in autonomic nervous system function
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| CF diagnosis | positive sweat chloride test, absence of pancreatic enzymes, radiology, family history,etc
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