A&P Ch 11 - 13
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Bipolar Neuron | 1 dendrite, 1 axon
Relays info for sight, smell, & hearing
Affects ears, eyes, and nose
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| Multipolar Neuron | 2 or more dendrites, 1 axon
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| Unipolar Neuron | Dendrite on 1 end, axon on rest of process
Carries action potential, single process
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| Cell body or soma | Produces neurotransmitters, either on or off, propagates impulses
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| Depolarization | Action potential is formed; meaning, it is the charge reversal caused by the rapid influx of sodium ions inside the cell when a nerve is stimulated
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| Saltatory Propagation | The relatively rapid propagation of an action potential between successive nodes of a myelinated axon
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| Continuous Propagation | Action potential is propagated along unmyelinated axon
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| Efferent | Division of PNS carrying motor commands out via axons
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| Afferent | Division of CNS carrying sensory info into the brain via dendrites
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| Axon | The elongate extension of a neuron that conducts an action potential.
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| Dendrite | A sensory process of a neuron.
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| Monosynaptic Reflex | A reflex in which the sensory afferent neuron synapses directly on the motor efferent neuron.
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| Polysynaptic Reflex | A reflex in which interneurons are interposed between the sensory fiber and the motor neuron(s).
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| Sensory Neurons | Afferent Neurons, division of PNS, delivering info from sensory receptors to CNS.
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| Withdrawal Reflex | Move affected parts of body away from stimulus, triggered by painful stimuli.
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| Flexor Reflex | Representative withdrawal reflex, affecting muscle and limbs.
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| Plantar Reflex | Stroking sole of foot producing curling of the toes.
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| Babinski sign | Stroking infant's foot on side of sole produces fanning of toes. Disappears as infants age as pathways develop.
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| Stretch Reflex | Best known monosynaptic reflex, provides automatic regulation of skeletal muscle.
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| Glial Cells | Cells of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system that support and protect neurons
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| Astrocytes | responsible for maintaining the blood–brain barrier by the stimulation of endothelial cells.
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| Oligodendrocytes | Central nervous system neuroglia that maintain cellular organization within gray matter and provide a myelin sheath in areas of white matter.
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| Ependymal Cells | The layer of cells lining the ventricles and central canal of the central nervous system.
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| Microglia | Phagocytic neuroglia in the central nervous system.
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| Schwann Cells | Neuroglia responsible for the neurilemma that surrounds axons in the peripheral nervous system.
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| Epidural | The space between the spinal dura mater and the walls of the vertebral foramen; contains blood vessels and adipose tissue; a common site of injection for regional anesthesia.
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| Dura | The outermost component of the cranial and spinal meninges.
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| Subdural | Separates dura mater from deeper meningeal layers.
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| Arachnoid | The middle meninx that encloses cerebrospinal fluid and protects the central nervous system.
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| Subarchnoid | A meningeal space containing cerebrospinal fluid; the area between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater.
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| Pia | The innermost layer of the meninges bound to the underlying neural tissue.
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| Intraparenchymal | Intercerebral hemorrhage
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| Propagation | "Conduction" Suggests flow of charge
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| Action potential | Messages relayed from one location to another in a series of steps
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| Myelin | An insulating sheath around an axon; consists of multiple layers of neuroglial membrane; significantly increases the impulse propagation rate along the axon.
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| Nissel Bodies | The ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria of the perikaryon of a typical neuron.
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| Blood-Brain Barrier | The isolation of the central nervous system from the general circulation; primarily the result of astrocyte regulation of capillary permeabilities.
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| Patellar Reflex | Stretch reflex triggered by passive muscle movement
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| EDSASPI | Epidural, Dura, Subdural, Arachnoid, Subarchnoid, Pia, Intraparenchymal
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| Polarization | Neuron is inactive, waiting for impulse, cytoplasm inside the cell has a negative electrical charge, and the fluid outside the cell has a positive charge.
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| Resting Potential | Electrical difference across the membrane of the neuron
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