Scientific Inquiry
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is meant by scientific inquiry? | Way of learning about the natural world by observing, asking questions, proposing answers + testing answers
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| What is the main goal of science? | To understand the natural world
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| What is the main product of science? | Knowledge in form of facts, laws + theories
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| Why do scientists make observations? | To provide evidence to help understand + describe natural world
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| How do scientists make observations? | Using 5 senses (touch, smell, taste, vision + hearing) and often use tools like microscopes, telescopes, meters, radar + sensors
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| What is an inference? | Tentative conclusion based on logic or reasoning
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| What is meant by empirical knowledge? | Knowledge gained through experience
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| What is a scientific law? | General statement based on empirical data, does not explain, only describes
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| What is a theory? | Product of scientist's creativity + inventiveness, explanation of observation or law
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| What is a hypothesis? | Tentative answer, untested explanation
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| Why can't laws be proven? | Bc it is impossible to test every situation that law applies to. Can be proven false if evidence disagrees or contradicts
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| Why can't theories be proven? | Theories are not proved but accepted as best possible exception after being tested extensively w/ repeated observation; can be proven less valid if evidence disagrees or contradicts, theories build on each other
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| What helps to ensure validity of a scientific investigation? | Scientific evidence and explanation
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| First step of scientific inquiry? | Scientist asks testable question + develops hypothesis or possible answer
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| Second step of scientific inquiry? | Scientist designs + performs investigation, makes observations + analyzes them
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| Third step of scientific inquiry? | Scientist draws conclusion based on evidence + compares conclusion w/ hypothesis to determine whether evidence supports hypothesis
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| Describe relationship between science + technology. | Scientists rely on technology to further research, technologists rely on science to understand scientific basis of technological development
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| What does scientific investigation begin with? | A question
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| What is a variable? | Any factor that could affect outcome of investigation
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| Three types of variables? | 1) Variable that is changed (independent or cause variable) 2) Variable affected by change (dependant or effect variable) 3) Unchanged variable that doesn't affect outcome (controlled variable)
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| Why is it important to only change one independent variable at once? | To assume that results were caused by variables changed and not by any other variables identified
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| In investigation to determine effect of fertilizer on plant growth, identify independent variable. | Independent variable = fertilizer
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| In investigation to determine effect of fertilizer on plant growth, identify dependant variable. | Dependant variable = plant growth
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| In investigation to determine effect of fertilizer on plant growth, state at least 3 controlled variables. | Plant species, amount of water, amount of sunlight
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| Distinguish between prediction and hypothesis. | Prediction = suggestion based on prior knowledge and logical reasoning. Hypothesis = tentative answer about outcome of controlled experiment along with explanation
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| Outline guidelines for making data table. | Use ruler to make table, write title that describes data, include units of measurement for each variable, list values of independent variable in left-hand column, list values of dependant variables in column to right
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| What is a graph? | Visual representation of quantitative data
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| Why are graphs used? | To identify a trend or pattern in data
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| Steps for preparing point and line graph. | Draw axises. Write title. Give values. Choose scale. Plot points. Draw line of best set. If more than one line, use different colours or symbols. Provide legend.
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| X axis? | Independent variable (time always goes on x axis)
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| Y axis? | Dependant variable
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