Classification
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| organisms | are things that have all of the characteristics of life
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| unicellular | organisms that are made up of only one cell
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| multicellular | organisms that are made up of more than one cell
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| growth | when an organism gets bigger
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| development | the combination of all of the changes organisms undergo as they grow (such as specialization of cells)
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| reproduction | the process by which one organism makes one or more new organisms
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| adaptation | a characteristic an organism has that makes it better able to survive in its environment
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| stimulus | anything an organism responds to
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| response | the reaction of an organism to a stimuli
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| homeostasis | an organism's ability to maintain steady internal conditions when outside conditions change
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| sun | all energy on Earth comes from the _____
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| classify | to group ideas, information, or objects based on similarities
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| Aristotle | He developed the first system of classification
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| Plants and Animals | the two groups that Aristotle classified all living things as
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| Carrolus Linnaeus | Scientist who created a system of classification based on six characteristics; was the first to call his groups Kingdoms
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| Six Characteristics Linnaeus used | similarities in body struture, systems, size, shape, color, and methods of obtaining food
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| binomial nomenclature | two-word naming system developed by Carolus Linnaeus
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| 1st word of binomial nomenclature | Genus (always capitalize the first letter)Latin and itallicized
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| 2nd word of binomial nomenclature | species (do not capitalize)Latin and itallicized
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| systematics | today's classification system is based on
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| 5 kingdoms proposed by Robert H. Whittaker | animal, plant, fungi, protist, monera
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| 4 characteristics that place an organism into a kingdom | 1. Do the organisms cells have a nucleus? 2. Are more than one cells present? 3. Does it make its own food? 4. Does it move?
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| prokaryotic | simple cells that do not have a nuclei or membrane-bound organelles
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| eukaryotic | cells with a nucleus and organelles
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| photosynthesis | process by which an organism (mostly plants) make their own food
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| levels of organization under each domain | Kingdom, Phylum (Division), Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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| dichotomous key | a key arranged in steps with descriptive statements at each step
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| where dichotomous keys are located | field guides and scientific manuals
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| Whittatker's kingdom Monera later divided into which two kingdoms? | Archaebacteria and Eubacteria (bacteria)
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| systematics | uses all of the evidence that is known about organisms to classify them
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| Bases of systematics (there are 6) | cell type, habitat, the way they obtain food and energy, structure and function of features, common ancestry, molecular analysis (like DNA)
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| List the three domains | Baterica, Archaea, Eukarya
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| Bacteria | 27. ____________________ ( also called eubacteria) a simple single celled organisms. Examples: Yersinia pestis, E. coli, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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| Archae | _____________________are simple unicellular (made of only one cell) organisms that often live in extreme environments.
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| Protist | are unicellular and more complex than bacteria or archaea. Examples: paramecium, amoeba, and diatom
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| Fungi | are unicellular or multicellular (composed of more than one cell) and absorb food. Examples: mushrooms, yeast, and club mold.
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| Plants | are multicellular and make their own food through a process known as photosynthesis.
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| Animals | are multicellular and take in their food.
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| taxonomy | the process or system of describing the way in which different living things are related by putting them in groups
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| cladogram | phylogentic tree; branched diagram that shows the relationships among organisms, including common ancestors
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| 6 characteristic of life; how you know something is an organism | organized, grow and develop, respond, reproduce, maintain certain internal conditions, use energy
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