Exactly everything you need to know for the third chapter's test- Abeka -Malia
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| earthquakes sometimes cause huge waves called | tsumamis
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| fault | is a break that appears at the boundary between two moving masses of rock
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| focus | the point underground where an earthquake begins
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| epicenter | is the place at ground level that is directly above the focus
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| earthquake | any trembling or shaking of the earth's crust
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| magnitude | the strength of an earthquake
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| chemical weathering | occurs when natural acids slowly eat into a rock, breaking it apart
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| the temperature of rock _______ with depth | increases
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| how is a vent created? | created when trapped gasses blast through the earth's surface
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| what does a volcano do? | allows molten rock and hot gases to escape from, within the earth
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| geologists | scientists who study the structure of the earth
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| weathering | the process by which new soil is formed as rocks crumble and break into smaller pieces
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| Moho | the boundary between the earth's crust and its mantle
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| mid-oceanic ridges | the underwater mountain ridges
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| seismology | the study of earth quakes
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| dormant | a volcano that has been active at some time in recorded history, but has no had a recent eruption
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| Plinian eruption | a volcano characterized by hot clouds of dust and gas that it expels
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| active volcano | a volcano that has erupted recently
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| extinct volcano | a volcano that has not erupted in recorded history
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| lava | magma that has reached the earth's surface
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| Ring of Fire | a belt which runs along the edge of the Pacic Ocean is named for its many volcanoes
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| crater | a depression found at the top of a volcano
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| lapilli | smaller fragments of molten rock that solidify almost instantly
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| shield voclanoes | formed from large amounts of very fluid lava that built up gradually
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| cinder cone volcanoes | volcanoes formed by eruptions of mostly tepra
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| composite volcanoes | formed by alternating layers of tephra and lava
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| crust | outermost layer of the earth
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| mantle | middle layer of the earth
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| core | inner layer of the earth
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| diamond | hardest mineral found in a deep, tube-like formation that appears to be the clogged vent of an extinct volcanoe
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| cave | any hollow space in the earth's crust that has formed naturally and is large enough for a person to enter
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| ore | any rock containing a metal together with imurities
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| precious stones | the rarest, most durable and beautiful gems
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| iron | the most commonly used practical metal; used for thousands of years to make tools
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| copper | a metal that is a good conductor of electricity; two of its alloys are brass and bronze
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| fossil | any trace of a plant or animal left in a rock
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| gemstones | small deposits of igneous and metamorphic crystals
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| magnetic field | the area surrounding a magnet in which the force of the magnet affects other objects
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| poles | the ends of a magnet
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| magnetosphere | the magnetic field produced by the earth is
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| rock | the hardest material that composes the earth's crust
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| igneous | formed when molten rock soidifies
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| sedimentary | formed from sand and mineral fragments that have been pressed together
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| metamorphic rock | rock that has been changed by extreme heat or pressure into a new kind of rock
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| sedimentary rock | covers over 75% of the earth's surface
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| extrusive igneous rock | igneous rock that formed at the earth's surface, cools rapidly, and has a fine appearance
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| intrusive igneous rock | type of igneous rock remains in a pocket below the surface cools slowly and has a coarse-grained appearence
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| granite | the most common igneous rock that can be found everywhere on land
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| halite | a sedimentary rock is formed by chemical sediments and is used for salting roads and flavoring food
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| sandstone | a sedimentary rock used to make glass
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| Reef limestone | the only sedimentary rocks that are formed by living animals
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| Slate | a metamorphic rock that began as shale, is very hard, and has leaf-like layers
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| marble | a metamorphic rock is perhaps one of the most beautiful and most widely used, and it began as limestone
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| Soda straws | thin, hollow tubes that hang from the ceiling of many caves
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| Cave rafts | cave formations that occur when evaporated rating water leaves behind a thin, floating disk of calcium carbonate in an underground pool
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| Stalagmites | a structure on a cave floor
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| Stalagtites | a large, tube-like structures hanging from the ceiling
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| Column | a joined stalactite and stalagmite
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| Anthracite coal(hard coal) | a hard shiny black coal expensive to mine
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| Petroleum | the thick dark flammable liquid; considered a liquid fossil fuel
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| Lignite coal | the poorest quality of coal; also known as brown coal
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| Sub-bituminous coal | the most common type of coal; also know as soft coal
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| Speleology | the study of caves
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| Sea cave | formed by water
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| trogophile | designed to live either in a cave or above a cave
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| speleology | the scientific study of caves
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| Conglomerate rock | consists of rounded pebbles in hardened clay or sand
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| Trogloxenes | visit caves regularly but must return to the surface for food
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| The earth's magnetic field comes from what? | The earth's core.
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| How does the earth have magnetism? | currents of electricity pass through the circulate in the crust
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| How is a solution cave formed? | acids eat away at limestone
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| Is a solution cave an example of chemical weathering? | yes
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