Hematological Systems
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Anemia | too few RBC's
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| Polycythemia | too many RBC's
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| Leukopenia | too few WBC's
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| Leukocytosis | too many WBC's
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| Thrombocytopenia | too few platelets
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| Thrombocythemia | too many platelets
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| carry oxygen & nutrients, transport hormones, remove wastes, deliver cells to prevent infection, stop bleeding, promote healing | hematopoetic functions
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| Lymphadenopathy | enlargement of lymph nodes
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| Splenomegaly | enlargement of spleen
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| increased platelet formation, increased clotting activity | hypercoagulability
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| immature WBC's taking over | "shift to the left"
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| see these cells in "shift to the left" | polymorphonuclear leukocyte (segmented neutrophils)
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| composed of fibrin and blood cells | blood clot
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| blocks flow to distal tissues | blood clot
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| a blood clot that breaks away from vessel wall | embolus
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| autoimmune disease in which blood does not clot as it should (platelets are destroyed in spleen) | Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITTP)
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| promote coagulation & stops bleeding from damaged blood vessels | clotting factors
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| vitamin K deficiency, reduction in clotting factors due to liver disease | impaired clotting
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| syndrome of uncontrolled bleeding resulting from systemic multiple clots (due to depletion of clotting factors) | Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
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| organ that filters blood and removes unwanted material | spleen
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| X-linked recessive disorder where no factor VIII is generated, leading to excessive bleeding | Hemophilia A
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| disorder that decreases platelet stickiness | Von Willebrand Disease
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| manifestations of DIC | hemorrhage from every opening, abdominal distention, hematuria (blood in urine)
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| diagnosis and treatment of DIC | accelarated clotting, decreased platelet count, removal of primary event, heparin if organ failure from hypoxemia, plasma with factor VIII
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| clinical manifestations of anemia | increased HR and RR, dizziness, fatigue, skin pallor, nausea, decreased hair and skin quality
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| anemia due to loss of blood | hemorrhagic anemia
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| whole blood is used for this type of anemia | hemorrhagic anemia
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| type of anemia caused by excessive destruction of RBC's (bone marrow unable to compensate) | hemolytic anemia
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| type of anemia caused by hemoglobin "S" | sickle cell anemia
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| sickling happens in respone to... | hypoxia (lack of oxygen)
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| type of anemia caused by dysfunction of bone marrow to replace dying cells; consequently all blood cell types are affected | aplastic anemia
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| type of anemia caused by lack of intrinsic factor, a substance needed to absorb vit B-12 from stomach (vit B-12 is need for RBC production) | pernicious anemia
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| most common type of anemia | iron deficiency anemia
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| low white blood count (1000 or less) | neutropenia
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| caused by Epstein-Barr virus, that infects B lymphocytes | mononucleosis
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| swolen lymph nodes, severe sore throat and fever, overwhelming fatigue | mononucleosis
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| cancer of one class of WBC in bone marrow resulting in proliferation of that cell type to the exclusion of others | leukemia
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| acute leukemia | poorly differentiated cells
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| chronic leukemia | well differentiated cells
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| acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) | childhood leukemia
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| acute myeloblastic leukemia | usual onset after 60 years old
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| chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL) | disease of the elderly
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| chronic myeloblastic leukemia (CML) | worst kind of leukemia (median survival 3-4 years)
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| symptoms of leukemia | anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
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| Hodgkin's Disease | presence of Reed-Sternberg cell, spreads predictably
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| cancer of the lymph | Hodgkin's Disease(s)
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| Non-Hodgkin's Disease | no R-S cell, spreads unpredictably
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| cancer of the plama cells in bone marrow | multiple myeloma
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| bone pain, Bence Jones proteins found in urine, fractures, recurrent infections | multiple myeloma
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