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Patho
Hematological Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anemia | too few RBC's |
| Polycythemia | too many RBC's |
| Leukopenia | too few WBC's |
| Leukocytosis | too many WBC's |
| Thrombocytopenia | too few platelets |
| Thrombocythemia | too many platelets |
| carry oxygen & nutrients, transport hormones, remove wastes, deliver cells to prevent infection, stop bleeding, promote healing | hematopoetic functions |
| Lymphadenopathy | enlargement of lymph nodes |
| Splenomegaly | enlargement of spleen |
| increased platelet formation, increased clotting activity | hypercoagulability |
| immature WBC's taking over | "shift to the left" |
| see these cells in "shift to the left" | polymorphonuclear leukocyte (segmented neutrophils) |
| composed of fibrin and blood cells | blood clot |
| blocks flow to distal tissues | blood clot |
| a blood clot that breaks away from vessel wall | embolus |
| autoimmune disease in which blood does not clot as it should (platelets are destroyed in spleen) | Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITTP) |
| promote coagulation & stops bleeding from damaged blood vessels | clotting factors |
| vitamin K deficiency, reduction in clotting factors due to liver disease | impaired clotting |
| syndrome of uncontrolled bleeding resulting from systemic multiple clots (due to depletion of clotting factors) | Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) |
| organ that filters blood and removes unwanted material | spleen |
| X-linked recessive disorder where no factor VIII is generated, leading to excessive bleeding | Hemophilia A |
| disorder that decreases platelet stickiness | Von Willebrand Disease |
| manifestations of DIC | hemorrhage from every opening, abdominal distention, hematuria (blood in urine) |
| diagnosis and treatment of DIC | accelarated clotting, decreased platelet count, removal of primary event, heparin if organ failure from hypoxemia, plasma with factor VIII |
| clinical manifestations of anemia | increased HR and RR, dizziness, fatigue, skin pallor, nausea, decreased hair and skin quality |
| anemia due to loss of blood | hemorrhagic anemia |
| whole blood is used for this type of anemia | hemorrhagic anemia |
| type of anemia caused by excessive destruction of RBC's (bone marrow unable to compensate) | hemolytic anemia |
| type of anemia caused by hemoglobin "S" | sickle cell anemia |
| sickling happens in respone to... | hypoxia (lack of oxygen) |
| type of anemia caused by dysfunction of bone marrow to replace dying cells; consequently all blood cell types are affected | aplastic anemia |
| type of anemia caused by lack of intrinsic factor, a substance needed to absorb vit B-12 from stomach (vit B-12 is need for RBC production) | pernicious anemia |
| most common type of anemia | iron deficiency anemia |
| low white blood count (1000 or less) | neutropenia |
| caused by Epstein-Barr virus, that infects B lymphocytes | mononucleosis |
| swolen lymph nodes, severe sore throat and fever, overwhelming fatigue | mononucleosis |
| cancer of one class of WBC in bone marrow resulting in proliferation of that cell type to the exclusion of others | leukemia |
| acute leukemia | poorly differentiated cells |
| chronic leukemia | well differentiated cells |
| acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) | childhood leukemia |
| acute myeloblastic leukemia | usual onset after 60 years old |
| chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL) | disease of the elderly |
| chronic myeloblastic leukemia (CML) | worst kind of leukemia (median survival 3-4 years) |
| symptoms of leukemia | anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia |
| Hodgkin's Disease | presence of Reed-Sternberg cell, spreads predictably |
| cancer of the lymph | Hodgkin's Disease(s) |
| Non-Hodgkin's Disease | no R-S cell, spreads unpredictably |
| cancer of the plama cells in bone marrow | multiple myeloma |
| bone pain, Bence Jones proteins found in urine, fractures, recurrent infections | multiple myeloma |
Created by:
lcazgirl
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