Metamorphic Rocks, Processes, and Resources
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| Parent (Protolith) | the rock type that was metamorphosed
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| Recrystallization | process whereby small crystals of one mineral will slowly convert to fewer, larger crystals of the same mineral, without melting of the rock
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| Neomorphism | Minerals not only recrystallize but, also form different minerals from the same chemical elements.
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| Texture | a description of its constituent parts and their sizes, shapes, and arrangements
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| Slaty rock cleavage | flat foliation developed along flat, parallel, closely spaced shear planes in tightly folded clay- or mica- rich rocks
--flat--
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| Slaty rock cleavage [foliated or non-foliated] | foliated
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| Slaty rock cleavage [rocks] | muscovite, chlorite
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| Phyllite texture | a wavy and/or wrinkled foliation of fine-grained platy minerals that gives the rock a satiny or metallic luster; normally developed or perpendicular to a weak slaty cleavage, and it is a product of intermediate-grade metamorphism
--wavy, wrinkled--
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| Phyllite texture [foliated or non-foliated] | foliated
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| Phyllite texture [rocks] | muscovite, chlorite
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| Schistosity | scaly glittery layering of visible (medium to coarse-grained) platy minerals a/o linear alignment of long prismatic crystals; break along foliations; a product of intermediate-to-high grades of metamorphism
--slaty, glittery--
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| Schistosity [foliated or non-foliated] | foliated
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| Schistosity [rocks] | micas, chlorite, tourmaline, hornblende, kyanite
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| Gneissic banding | alternating layers of light & dark medium to coarse-grained minerals; Most form by high-grade metamorphism (including recrystallization) of clay or mica-rich rocks [shale] or igneous rocks [granite and dorite]
--layers--
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| Gneissic banding [foliated or non-foliated] | foliated
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| Gneissic banding [rocks] | ferromagnesian-->dark bands &
quartz, feldspars-->light bands
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| Crystalline texture | a medium- to coarse-grained aggregate of intergrown, usually equal-sized (equigranular), visible crystals.
--equigranular--
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| Crystalline texture [foliated or non-foliated] | non-foliated
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| Crystalline texture [rocks] | marble
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| Microcrystalline texture | a fine-grained aggregate of intergrown microscopic crystals.
--intergrown--
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| Microcrystalline texture [foliated or non-foliated] | non-foliated
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| Microcrystalline texture [rocks] | Hornfels
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| Sandy texture | a medium- to coarse-grained aggregate of fused, sand-sized grains that resembles sandstone
--fused--
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| Sandy texture [foliated or non-foliated] | non-foliated
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| Sandy texture [rocks] | quartzite
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| Glassy texture | a homogeneous texture with no visible grains or other structures and breaks along glossy surfaces
--no visible crystals--
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| Glassy texture [foliated or non-foliated] | non-foliated
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| Glassy texture [rocks] | anthracite coal
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| Polymorphs | minerals have the same chemical composition but different crystalline structure and physical properties that can be used to distinguish them.
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| foliation | layering and parallel alignment of platy (flat) mineral crystals
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| non-foliation | no obvious layering; may exhibit stretched fossils or long, prismatic crystals that have grown parallel to the pressure field
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