Cell Membrane and Cell Transport Flashcards for Honors Biology
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| Ion Channel | In a cell membrane, a pore through which ions can pass.
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| Isotonic Solution | A solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell.
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| Equilibrium | A state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space.
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| Hypertonic Solution | A solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell.
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| Facilitated Diffusion | The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the help of carrier proteins.
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| Receptor Protein | A protein that binds specific signal molecules, which causes the cell to respond in a specific way.
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| Hypotonic Solution | A solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell.
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| Passive Transport | The movement of substance across a cell membrane without the use of energy by cell.
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| Concentration Gradient | A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance.
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| Carrier Protein | A protein that transports substances across a cell membrane.
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| Osmosis | The diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent.
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| Active Transport | The movement of substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy.
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| Diffusion | The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density.
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| Selectively Permeable | Allows some substances to cross the membrane more easily than others.
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| Channel Proteins | provide corridors that allow specific molecules to pass through membrane
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| Phospholipid | a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule (with a polar head and non-polar tails)
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| Hydrophobic | substance that tends to repel or fail to mix with water.
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| Hydrophilic | substance that tends to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water.
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| Marker Proteins | Act as identification for the cell
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| Receptor Proteins | Transfer information from one side to the other
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| Endocytosis | the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole.
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| Exocytosis | a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.
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| Pinocytosis | the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane.
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| Phagocytosis | the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans.
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