Chemistry Chap 6
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Solution | homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances
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| solute | the componment of solution that is present in lesser quantity
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| solvent | the solution component present in the largest quantity
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| Aqueous solution | solution where the solvent is water
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| This can be liquid as well as solids and gases | Solutions
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| Air | oxygen and several trace gases are dissolved in the gaseous solvent, nitrogen
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| Alloys | brass and other homogeneous metal mixtures in the solid state
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| What are the general properties of liquid solution | clear, transparent, no visible particle
May be colored or colorless
Electrolytes are formed from
Nonelectrolytes do not dissociate
Volumes of solute and solvent are not additive
solutes that are soluble ionic compounds
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| Colloidal suspension | contains solute particles which are not uniformly distributed
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| Colloidal Suspension properties | Due to larger size of particles (1nm - 200 nm)
Appears identical to solution from the naked eye
Smaller than 1 nm, have solution
Larger than 1 nm, have a precipitate
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| Tyndall Effect | the ability of a colloidal suspension to scatter light
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| Tyndall Effect examples | See a haze when shining light through the mixture
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| Solutions: | light passes right through without scattering
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| Light as haze, scatters light | colloidal suspension
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| no haze | solution
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| Solubility | - how much of a particular solute can dissolve in a certain solvent at a specified temperature
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| Factors which affect solubility: | Polarity of solute and solvent
Temperature
Pressure
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| Pressure | Usually has no effect
If solubility is of gas in liquid, directly proportional to applied pressure
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| Temperature | Increase in temperature usually increases solubility
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| Polarity of solute and solvent | The more different they are, the lower the solubility
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| Saturated solution | - a solution that contains all the solute that can be dissolved at a particular temperature
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| Supersaturated solution | - contains more solute than can be dissolved at the current temperature
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| How is saturation done | Heat solvent, saturate it with solute then cool slowly
Sometimes the excess will precipitate out
If it doesn’t precipitate, the solution will be supersaturated
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| Henry’s law | – the number of moles of a gas dissolved in a liquid at a given temperature is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid
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