GI System
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| What is a polyp? | A small tumor on a stem attachment.
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| Define secretion | The substance produced by glandular organs
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| Where are the taste buds located? | the tongue
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| What is the layman's term for mastication? | Chewing
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| What are the 2 types of digestion? | Mechanical and chemical
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| What is the layman's term for throat? | Pharynx
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| Define esophagus | The muscular tube posterior to the trachea extending from the pharynx to the stomach.
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| What is peristalsis? | The wavelike movement of the GI tract to move the contents along.
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| Where does bile come from? | The liver.
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| What is the purpose of bile? | Helps in the emulsification of fats so they can be absorbed.
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| What occurs when peristalsis slows down? | Constipation
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| What are the 7 functions of the liver? | Carbohydrate metabolism, Lipid metabolism, protein metabolism, detoxifies and excretes drugs and alcohol, excretes bilirubin, stores Vitamins & minerals, Activation of Vitamin D.
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| What are the fat soluble vitamins? | A, D, E & K
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| What does the gall bladder do? | Stores the bile.
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| What are the 3 parts of the stomach (in order) | Cardiac spincter, body, pyloric sphincter
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| What is chyme? | The product of food and gastric juices in the stomach.
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| What is secreted by the stomach? | HCl acid.
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| What does the stomach absorb? | Very little... some meds, ASA (aspirin), some water.
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| Where is the vomiting center located? | The medulla oblongata
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| What is the function of the pancreas? | Produces insulin, enzymes break down carbs and proteins.
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| What is the function of villi? | Helps mix the chyme in the small intestines so that it can be better absorbed.
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| Where does most of the nutrient absorption occur? | Small intestines
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| What are the sections of the small intestines? | Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
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| Where is most of the water absorbed from? | Large Intesting (colon)
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| What are the 4 regions of the colon? | Cecum, colon, rectum & anus
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| Where is the appendix located? | At the beginning of the cecum.
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| What is the function of the GI system? | Ingest and prepare food for use by the body & excretion of waste
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| What are some concerns in the aging regarding the GI system? | Need for calories decreases, but nutritional needs remain the same or increases. Decrease secretory mechanism, Loss of strength/tone in muscular tissue, diminished pain response, slower peristalsis, decreased appetite.
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| How much fluid intake is recommended in the elderly? | 2000-3000cc/day
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| What does fiber do in the digestive system? | Hold water in the wastes in the colon and makes the stool softer.
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| If a pt is on bedrest, how often should we reposition (turn) them? | q 2hr
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| What are characteristics of normal stool? | light to dark brown, soft, formed, Frequency TID to QOD.
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| What are characteristics of abnormal stool? | Bloody, mucous, black, green, unusual smell, undigested food, very large or small or pencil shaped, liquid, hard
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| What are nursing responsibilities regarding the GI tract? | Maintain privacy, notify charge nurse if no BM x2days or abnormal, Document all BM.
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| What is an impaction? | A hard mass of stool that forms in the bowel and cannot be passed normally. Thick liquid stools is often present.
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| What is the layman's term for hemorrhoids? | Piles
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| What is constipation? | passage of unusually dry, hard stools.
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| What are some things that can lead to constipation? | Bedrest or limited activity, inadequate fld intake, lack of fiber, interruption of routine, medications, depression.
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| What can the doctor order for abnormal bowel function? | meds, enema, colostomy/ileostomy
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| What are the different ostomy locations and what is the consistency of stool at each location? | Ascending- fld-semifld; Transverse-mushy; Descending-semimushy-solid; Sigmoid-formed
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| What are some CNA observations when caring for a stoma? | redness/irritation around stoma, leakage, bleeding?
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| Can a CNA care for a colostomy? If so, are there any exceptions? | A CNA may only care for an established colostomy, never a new one.
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| What is the term for stomach pain? | gastralgia
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| What is the term for vomiting? | emesis
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| What is the function of the epiglottis? | To prevent food/flds from entering the trachea.
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| Define: cholecystectomy | Removal of GB
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| What part of the small intestines does the food enter into? | duodenum
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| What part of the large intestines does the food enter into? | Cecum
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| In the stomach, the food exits through: | the pyloric sphinctor
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| Where is HCl acid found? | stomach
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| What can a CNA do to help the resident maintain normal bowel function? | Encourage activity, encourage flds, provide fiber.
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| What foods are high in fiber? | Prunes, bran, fresh fruits and vegetables
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| What can result from decreased saliva production? | decreased appetite
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| Define appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix.
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Created by:
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