asp 1-D THE CELL CYCLE
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| Anaphase | The third stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes split and move to opposite ends of the cell
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| Autosome | A chromosome that determines all body features
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| Centriole | A structure at each pole of a dividing cell
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| Chromatid | Each copy of the chromosme that results from the prophase of mitosis
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| Chromatin | The combination of histones (specialized proteins) and DNA
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| Crossing ver | The exchange of DNA in prophase I
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| Daughter Cells | Cells produced by division of the parent cell that are identical copies of the parent
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| Diploid Cells | Cells that contain two sets of chromosomes (2n); one set from each parent (n)
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| DNA polymerase | An enzyme that unwinds the double helix of DNA molecules during mitosis
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| Egg | The female reproductive cell
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| Fertilization | The joining of male and female reproductive cells
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| Gametes | Sex cells
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| Gene | A factor that controls inherited traits; a defined section of a DNA molecule that codes for a specific trait
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| Haploid Cells (Monoploid Cells) | Cells with only one set of chromosomes; usually sex cells
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| Histones | Proteins that help package DNA into chromosomes
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| Homologous | Similar in appearance and structure, but not necessarily having the same function
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| Interphase | Growth period of a cell during which the chromosomes are replicated
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| M phase | Stage of the cell cycle during which the chromosomes are replicated
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| Meiosis | Cell division process that creates sex cells
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| Meiotic interphase | The period between meisois I and meiosis II in the cell division process
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| Metaphase | Second stage of mitosis or meiosis in which spindles arrange the chromosomes in the middle of the cell
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| Mitosis | Cell division process during which chromosomes are equally distributed to the two daughter cells; produces two identical cells having a 2n number of chromosomes
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| Mutagens | Agents that cause mutations
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| Mutation | A physical change in a chromosome or a chemical change in a gene that is inherited
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| Nondisjunction | Failure of chromosomes to separate properly
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| Prophase | The first stage of mitosis, in which the nucleus begins to change greatly; also the first stage of mitosis, in which chromosomes become visible under a microscope
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| Sex Cells | Gametes, or cells that can be used in reproduction; in humans, the sperm and the egg
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| Sister Chromatids | Two chromosomes that bind with each other during cellular reproduction
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| Sperm | Male sex cell
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| Spindle | The structure in cells that forms during reproduction; the chromosomes are distributed along the spindle, and they are drawn apart during both meiosis and mitosis
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| Substitution | A type of geneic mutation in which one nucleotide is substituted for another
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| Telophase | The last phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes commpletely separate and the cell begins to fully divide.
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| Translocation | The transfer of part of a chromosome to a new position on the same or a different chromosome, with a resulting rearrangement of the genes
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| Tumor | An abnormal mass of tissue
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