Diabetes Mellitus
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Type 1 | the result of pancreatic islet cell destruction and no insulin production
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| Type 2 | insulin resistance with a defect in compensatory insulin secretion
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| Three types of cells in pancreas | Alpha
Beta
Delta
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| Alpha cells | Produce glucagon
breakdown of glycogen in the liver
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| Glucoagon | Decrease glucose oxidation
Increase blood glucose levels
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| Glycogenolysis | Breakdown of liver glycogen
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| Gluconeogenesis | Formation of glucose from fats and proteins
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| Beta cells | Secretes insulin
movement of glucose across cell membrane thus decreases blood glucose
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| Delta cells | Produce somatostatin
Neurotransmitter inhibits production of glucagon and insulin
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| Pathophysiology of Diabetes | Defects in secretion of insulin
Defects in action of insulin
Or both problems
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| Characteristics of Type 1 | Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
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| Characteristics of Type 2 | Decrease in insulin available
Cellular resistance to insulin activity
Hyperglycemia occurs slowly over time
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| Treatment of DM | Weight loss
Diet
Excercise
Hypoglycemic agents when needed
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| Hemoglobin A1C | Measures levels of glycosylated hemoglobin
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| Types of Insulin | Rapid acting
Short acting
Intermediate acting
Long acting
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| Sulfonylureas (TYPE2) | Increase insulin production
Glipizide (Glucotorl)
Glyburide (Diabeta)
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| Meglitinides (TYPE2) | Stimulate pancreas
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| Biguanides (TYPE2) | Reduces glucose production in the liver
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| Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors (TYPE2) | slow the digestion of carbohydates in the small intestine
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| D-Phenylalanine (Amino Acid) Derivative | Stimulates rapid and short insulin secretion from the pancreas
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| Hypoglycemia | Tired
Irritability
Restless
Excessive hunger
Diaphoresis
Depression
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