science
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| thermal energy | is the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles that make up material
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| temperature | represents the average kinetic energy of the particles that make-up material. the greater the average kinetic energy of the particles the greater the temp.
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| heat | is the movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object
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| radiation | the transfer of thermal energy from one material to another by electromagnetic waves. All matter including the Sun transfers thermal energy by radiation.
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| conduction | the transfer of thermal energy between materials by the collisions of particles. Conduction continues until the thermal energy of all particles in contact is equal.
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| thermal conductors | material through which thermal energy flows
easily. Example: medals
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| thermal insulation | material through which thermal energy flow easily. Ex: cloth
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| specific heat | amount of thermal energy required to increase the
temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1 degrees Celsius. All
materials have a specific heat. Example: specific heat of water is
very high, taking a large amount of energy to increase the
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| thermal contraction | is a decrease in a materials volume when its
temperature decreases
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| thermal expansion | is a increase in a materials volume when its
temperature increases.
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| convection | is the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another. Only occurs in fluids
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| convection currents | movement of fluids in a cycle because of
convection. Convection currents circulate the water in Earth's oceans and other bodies of water. This plays an important role in Earth's climates.
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| heating appliance | a device that converts electric energy into thermal energy.Examples: curling iron, coffeemakers
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| thermostat | a device that regulates the temperature of a system.Example: refrigerator, toasters
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| refrigerator | device that uses electric energy to transfer thermal energy from a cooler location to a warmer location.
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| heat engine | a machine that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy.
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| solids | matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume. Particles in a solid are close together (they vibrate back and forth).
Types of solids: crystalline solid (ex: diamond) and amorphous solid(ex:charcoal)
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| liquid | matter with a definite volume but no definite shape. Liquids can flow and take the shape of their containers. Particles move faster than a solid and in turn move slightly father apart.
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| viscosity | a measurement of a liquids resistance to flow. Ex: honey has a high viscosity and water has a low viscosity.*The warmer the liquid the decrease in viscosity
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| surface tension | the uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid.
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| gases | matter that has no definite volume and no definite shape. Particles move even farther apart than solids or liquids.Particles spread out to fill a container.
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| vapor | the gas state of a substance that is normally a solid or a liquid at room temperature.
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| melting | change of matter from a solid to a liquid. Thermal energy must be added.
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| freezing | changed from a liquid state to a solid state
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| vaporation | change from a liquid to a gas.
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| boiling | vapor ization that occurs within a liquid.
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| evaporation | vaporization that occurs only at the surface of a liquid.
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| condensation | change of state from a gas to a liquid.
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| sublimation | change of state from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid state. Ex.Dry ice
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| deposition | change of state of a gas to a solid without going through the liquid state.
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| molecular theory | is an explanation of how particles in matter behave.
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| pressure | is the amount of force applied per unit of area. When particles collide with their container, pressure results.
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| boyle's law | states that pressure of a gas increases if the volume decreases and pressure of a gas decreases if the volume increases, when temperature is constant.
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| Charles law | states that the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, if the pressure is constant.
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