"Nervous" Terms and Definitons
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| central nervous system (CNS) | the body's primary information processing system; includes the brain and spinal cord
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| peripheral nervous system (PNS) | network of nerves carrying signals into and out of the central nervous system
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| nerve | bundle or bundles of neuron fibers surrounded by connective tissue
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| stimulus | environmental change that triggers a response
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| sensory neuron | nerve cell that carries information from the environment to the central nervous system
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| sensory receptor | specialized cell that transmits signals to sensory neurons
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| interneuron | nerve cell located entirely in the central nervous system that integrates sensory information and sends motor commands
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| motor neuron | nerve cell that carries signals from the central nervous system to muscle or gland cells
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| reflex | rapid, automatic response to a stimulus
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| dendrite | neuron fiber that receives signals and carries them toward the cell body
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| axon | neuron fiber that carries electric impulses away from the cell body and toward other cells
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| myelin sheath | thick coat of material that surrounds and insulates the axon of some neurons
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| node | uninsulated spaces between the "beads" of a myelin sheath where an action potential can be transmitted
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| resting potential | voltage across the plasma membrane of a resting neuron
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| depolarization | voltage change that occurs when the difference in charge across a membrane decreases
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| threshold | minimum change in a membrane's voltage that must occur to generate an action potential
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| action potential | change in voltage across the plasma membrane of a neuron resulting in a nerve signal
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| synapse | junction between two neurons or a neuron and another cell where electrical or chemical signals are relayed
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| synaptic cleft | tiny space separating a knob of a transmitting neuron from a receiving neuron or other cell
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| neurotransmitter | chemical messenger that carries information from one neuron to another or to another cell
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